Lp 73 Flashcards
Scrotum?
Testes?
Ducts?
Accessory glands?
Penis?
Scrotum: protects testes
Testes: produce sperm & hormones (1* reproductive organ)
Ducts: passageways for sperm
accessory glands: substances nourish & protect sperm
Penis: ejects sperm
2 mm maintain appropriate temperature
Dartos: increase surface area (puckering of skin to minimize heat loss)
Cremaster: elevation of scrotum closer to the body (keeps it warm)
Tubules have 2 types of cells?
Interstitial cells (leydig cells): produce testosterone
Spermatogenetic cells: produce gamete, divide by mitosis producing 2 daughter cells, 1 of the cells undergoes meiosis producing 4 similar haploid sperm cells
Duct systems
Series of tubes for sperm from testes
-narrow & coiled
-behind testes
-carries mature sperm from scrotum
-4cm long
Epidydmis
-anterior to pubic bone along posterior wall of bladder
- carries sperm from epidydymis
-45 cm long
Vas (ductus) deferens
Links vas deferens & seminal vesicles to urethra
Ejaculatory duct
-narrow passageways through penis
-carries semen & urine
-prostatic urethra: surrounded by prostate
-membranous urethra: in urogentail diaphragm (external urethral sphincter)
-spongy (penile) urethra: runs through penis to external urethral orifice
Urethra
-incision in scrotum & cut & ligation o each vas deferens
-sperm are produced but cannot exit scrotum
-sperm deteriorate & are phagocytosed
Vasectomy
Thick fluid mixture of sperm & secretions of accessory glands
Semen
-70% of semen volume
-sugar & enzymes, viscous & keeps sperm moving
-duct of each joins the duct of each vas deferens, forming ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicles (glands)
-small
-CT capsule
-glands & smooth mm
-surround urethra & parts of ejaculatory duct
-secretion is milky & slightly acidic
Prostate gland
-inferior to prostate
-clear, thick mucus
-lubricates head of penis & neutralizes urine in the urethra
Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands
Penis includes
-root
-shaft
-glans penis
Has 3 masses of spongy tissue
-corpus spongiosum
-corpora cavernosa (2)
-supported by CT
-most of penis
-2 parallel cylindrical masses known as erectile bodies
Corpora cavernosa
-single tubular mass, urethra passes through
-forms glans at the end
-glans is covered by foreskin known as prepuce (removal= circumcision)
Corpus spongiosum
Gamete formation?
Body cells divided?
Gamete formation: mitosis &. Meiosis
Body cells divided: somatic & sex cells
Somatic cells are?
-diploid
-2 complete sets of chromosomes
Gametes (sex cells) are?
-haploid
-1 set of chromosomes
-caries genetic material necessary for human development
Sex chromosomes found in sperm & ovum?
Sperm: Y or X
Ovum: X only
Sperm production=
Permatogenesis
After sperm production, 2 processes ensure semen emission?
-erection
-ejaculation
Erectin involves 3 systems
-nervous: sensory stimulation (parasympathetic control)
-endocrine: testosterone promotes male sexual behaviour
-circulatory: dilation of penile arterioles & build up of P
Parasympathetic signals?
-parasympathetic control of arterioles= atypical
-vasomotor Fxn usually under sympathetic control
Role of corpus spongiosum
Keep urethra open during ejaculation
Sex hormone roles
-development & maturation of reproductive organs
-sexual behaviour & drives
-growth/development of 2* sex trait
LH (leutinizing hormone or gonadotropin)
-stimulates testosterone production in testes
-secreted by anterior pituitary gland
-aka ICSH- interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
Testosterone somatic effect?
Masculinization of male during puberty
Relatively rare
-most common 15-35
Idiopathic ethology
Risk factors: undescended testes, HIV infection, genetics
Sx: mass, feeling heaviness in scrotum, pn in abdomen & groin, enlargement of testes
Testicular cancer
-acute or chronic inflammation
Often associated w/UTIs
-bacteria, sometimes idiopathic
-acute stage: high fever, chills, urethral discharge, myalgia (mm pn), arthralgia (jt pn)
Chronic stage:often asymptomatic
Prostatitis
-common,non-malignant Enlargement of prostate
-idiopathic
-sx: frequency of urination,
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Common male Malignancy
-metastasizes to lymph nodes & bones
-sx: blood in ejaculate, low back pn, weight loss
Prostatic cancer
