Lp 71

Question 1

Adjustments organisms make in response to changes in environment (internal & external)

Answer 1

Adaptation

Question 2

Stability of the internal environment

Answer 2

Homeostasis

Question 3

4 tenets of homeostasis

Answer 3

• constancy in our bodies requires & mechanisms to maintain stability (eg. regulation of bld glucose)
  -changes is met. W/response (eg, dehydration acitivates thirst mechanisms)
  -several factors work together to maintain stability of a given parameter (eg, heat gain mechanisms)
  -homeostasis is well regulated by feedback mechanisms

Question 4

Necessary to maintain homeostasis & allows adaptation w/in a restricted range?

Answer 4

Control systems/ feedback loops

Question 5

Ability of body to recruit systems, organs & mechanisms to Fxn at a higher level

Answer 5

Physiological reserve

Question 6

RBC’s carry?
Bone stores?
Liver stores?

Answer 6

-RBC’s carry more O2 than tissue needs
-bone stores Ca2+
-liver stores nutrients

Question 7

Anatomical reserve?

Answer 7

Paired organs

Question 8

Genes w/in population show adaptations for protection against environmental conditions?

Answer 8

-pigmentation: increase melanin= dark skin) in tropical regions to protect against the sun

-HbS gene (Sickle cell anemia) protects against malaria

Question 9

Body functions that are particularly sensitive. To nutritional deficits include?

Answer 9

-enzyme activity
-immune response
-wound healing

Question 10

Physical and mental health are important in?

Answer 10

-physiological & psychological reserves
-ability to adapt

Question 11

Which ages are least able to adapt?

Answer 11

Infants: immature body systems & depends of rapid growth body decrease ability of odd to adapt to stress

Elderly: aging cells & systems decrease ability to fight disease

Question 12

Social networks contribute to?

Answer 12

-mobilize resources
-share tasks
-provide monetary support, material, guidance

Question 13

Ppl w/ample social networks are?

Answer 13

-not as likely to experience certain types of stress
-live longer & have fewer somatic illnesses

Question 14

Hardiness:
Personality characteristics that include?

Answer 14

-sense of having control over environment
-sense of having purpose
-ability to see stressors as a challenge rather than a threat

Question 15

Sleep disorders& Alternations in sleep-wake cycle alter?

Answer 15

-immune Fxn
-n pattern of hormones secretion
-physical & psychological fxning

Question 16

Most common alterations of sleep wake cycles?

Answer 16

-sleep deprivation
-increase sleepiness

Question 17

-Having exhausted physical & psychological energy reserves
-can be N or homeostatic imbalance
-subjective sx’s

Answer 17

Fatigue

Question 18

Fatigue origin can be?

Answer 18

-physiological
-psychological
-pathological
-idiopathic

Question 19

Fatigue causes?

Answer 19

-environmental factors
-drug-related incidents
-tx-related causes
-exertion
-psychological factors

Question 20

Fatigue differs from tiredness;

Answer 20

Fatigue is not relieved by adequate sleep

Question 21

Acute fatigue?

Answer 21

-rapid onset
-defined as m fatigue
-relieved by cessation of activity
-serves protective Fxn
-occurs more rapidly in reconditioned mm

Question 22

Chronic fatigue?

Answer 22

-insidious onset
-intense
-lasts > 1 months
-cumulative effect- not relieved by activity cessation
-common problem for people w/chronic health problems (disease or tx)
-does not serve protective Fxn
-may be d/t or may lead to depression &/ or anxiety