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Anatomy > List #9 > Flashcards

List #9 Flashcards

1
Q

dura mater

A
  • Tough outer layer of the meninges

- primarily composed of tough, white, dense connective tissues and contains many blood vessels and nerves

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2
Q

arachnoid mater

A
  • Delicate, weblike middle layer of the meninges

- Has no blood vessels

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3
Q

pia mater

A
  • Inner layer of meninges that encloses the brain and spinal cord
  • blood vessels that nourish the underlying cells of the brain and spinal cord
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4
Q

epidural space

A

-Space between the dural sheath of the spinal cord and the bone of the vertebral canal

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5
Q

subarachnoid space

A
  • Rests between the arachnoid and pia mater, which contains cerebrospinal fluid
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6
Q

falx cerebri

A
  • Extends downward into he longitudinal fissures, and separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
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7
Q

lateral ventricles

A

-The largest of the ventricles

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8
Q

third ventricles

A
  • located in the midline of the brain beneath the corpus callosum.
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9
Q

fourth ventricles

A
  • Located in the brainstem
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10
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A
  • Canal that connects the third and fourth ventricles of the brain
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11
Q

arachnoid granulations

A
  • Any of several fingerlike structures that projects from the subarachnoid space of the meninges into blood-filled dural sinuses and reabsorbs cerebrospinal fluid
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12
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

-Astrocytes provide a barrier between the blood and the brain interstitial fluid

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13
Q

interventricular foramen

A
  • the opening from each lateral ventricle into the third ventricle of the brain
  • found in the prosencephalon
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14
Q

cervical and lumbar enlargements

A
  • cervical enlargements: thickening in the spinal cord found in the neck region, which supplies nerves to the upper limbs.
  • lumbar enlargements: thickening in the spinal cord of the lower back region, gives off nerves to the lower limbs
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15
Q

conus medullaris

A
  • Inferior to the lumbar enlargement, the spinal cord tapers to this structure.
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16
Q

funiculi (anterior, lateral, and posterior)

A

-The white matter of the spinal cord which is split into three regions anterior, lateral, and posterior. consists of longitudinal bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that compose the major pathways called tracts.

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17
Q

gray matter of spinal cord (dorsal, lateral, and ventral horn)

A

-The pattern the gray matter produces roughly resembles a butterfly with its wings spread. These dorsal horns and the ventral horns. Between them on either side in some regions is a protrusion of gray matter called the lateral horn.

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18
Q

dorsal root vs. ventral root

A
  • Ventral root: consists of axons from the motor neurons whose cell bodies lie within the gray matter of the cord
  • Dorsal root: can be identified by an enlargement called the dorsal root ganglion. It contains the cell bodies of the sensory neurons whose axons conducts impulses inward from peripheral body parts.
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19
Q

posterior medial sulcus vs. anterior median fissure

A

-Two grooves that extend the length of the spinal cord, dividing it into right and left halves. The anterior median fissure is deep and the posterior medial sulcus is shallow.

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20
Q

fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

A
  • Tracts in the posterior funiculi of the spinal cord. Their fibers conduct sensory impulses from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain.
  • Part of the ascending tracts of the spinal cord
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21
Q

spinocerebellar tracts

A
  • They lie near the surface in the lateral funicular of the spinal cord. Fibers in the posterior tracts remain uncrossed, whereas those in the anterior tracts cross over in the medulla.
  • Part of the ascending tracts of the spinal cord
22
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

-Either of the large, paired structures that constitute the cerebrum

23
Q

corpus callosum

A

-Mass of white matter in the brain composed of axons connecting the right and left cerebral hemispheres

24
Q

convolutions (sulci vs. gyri)

A
  • Gyri= many ridges of convultions separated by grooves, mark the cerebrum’s surface
  • Sulci= A shallow to somewhat deep groove
25
Q

longitudinal fissure

A
  • Separates the right an left cerebral hemispheres
26
Q

insula

A
  • Cerebral lobe deep within the lateral sulcus
27
Q

central sulcus

A
  • Splits the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe
28
Q

hippocampus

A
  • Part of the vertebral cortex where memories form
29
Q

basal nuclei

A
  • Masses of grey matter deep within a cerebral hemisphere
30
Q

thalamus

A
  • Mass of mostly gray matter at the base of the cerebrum, bulging from the wall on either side of the third ventricle
31
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • Part of the brain located below the thalamus and forming the floor of the third ventricle
32
Q

optic chiasma

A
  • X-shaped structure on the underside of the brain formed by optic nerve fibers that cross over
33
Q

pituitary gland

A
  • Endocrine gland attached to the base of the brain that consists of anterior and posterior lobes; the hypophysis
34
Q

pineal gland

A
  • Small structure in the central part of the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which affects certain biological rhythms
35
Q

mammillary bodies

A

-One of two small, rounded bodies posterior to the hypothalamus involved with reflexes associated with the sense of smell

36
Q

limbic system

A
  • Connected structures in the brain that produce emotional feelings
37
Q

corpora quadrigemina

A

-Two pairs of rounded knobs on the superior surface of the midbrain mark the location of four nuclei

38
Q

reticular formation

A
  • Complex network of nerve fibers and islands of gray matter in the brainstem that arouses the cerebrum
39
Q

cerebellar peduncles vs. cerebral peduncles

A
  • cerebellar peduncles: three pairs of nerve tracts that allows the cerebellum to communicate with other parts of the CNS
  • cerebral peduncles:
40
Q

cholinergic receptors vs. adrenergic receptors

A
  • cholinergic: the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions all secrete acetylcholine
  • adrenergic: Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons, secrete norepinephrine
41
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

-Separates the occipital lobes of the cerebrum from cerebellum

42
Q

spinothalmic tracts

A
  • they are located in the lateral and anterior funiculi. The lateral tracts conduct impulses from various body regions to the brain and give a rise to sensations of pain and temperature.
  • impulses conducted o the anterior tracts are interpreted as touch and pressure
  • Impulses in these tracts cross over the spinal cord
43
Q

What are the parts of the 3 vesicle brain?

A

Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon

44
Q

Prosencephalon (Forebrain)

A
  • Lateral Ventricles
  • Interventricular foramen
  • Splits to make the telencephalon & diencephalon
45
Q

Mesencephalon (Midbrain)

A

-Cerebral Aqueduct

46
Q

Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain)

A
  • 4th Ventricle

- splits into metencephalon and myelencephalon

47
Q

What are the parts of the 5 vesicle brain?

A

-Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesecephalon, Metecephalon, and Myelencephalon

48
Q

Telencephalon

A
  • Cerebral Hemispheres

- lateral ventricles

49
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Pineal Gland
  • Pituitary Gland
  • Third ventricles
50
Q

Metencephalon

A
  • pons

- cerebellum

51
Q

Myelencephalon

A

-medulla oblongata

Anatomy (17 decks)

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