List #1 Flashcards
Thoracic cavity
- It is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by a broad, thin muscle called the diaphragm.
- It contains the lungs and region in-between the lungs is the mediastinum.
- It is apart of the ventral/anterior cavity
abdominopelvic cavity
- Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera
- It is apart of the ventral/anterior cavity
cranial cavity
- Space in the cranium contains the brain
- It is apart of the dorsal/ posterior cavity
vertebral cavity
- Hollow area in vertebrae containing the spinal cord
- It is apart of the dorsal/posterior cavity
diaphragm
A sheetlike structure largely composed of skeletal muscle and connective tissue that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
mediastinum
- The region in the thoracic cavity between the lungs.
- It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus.
pleural membranes
Two membranes surround the lungs are called the parietal pleura (superficial) and visceral pleura (deep). In between the two membranes is serous fluid.
pericardial membranes
- Two membranes surround the heart called the parietal pericardium (superficial) and the visceral pericardium(deep).
- The heart, located in the broadest portion of the mediastinum s surrounded by the pericardial membranes.
peritoneal membranes
In the abdominopelvic cavity, the membranes are called the peritoneal membranes.
hydrostatic pressure
Pressure exerted by fluids, such as blood pressure
homeostasis
- Dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained within the normal range.
- It is the point in which the cells work most efficiently
atom
Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element
molecule
Particle composed of two or more joined atoms
superior
Structure above another structure
inferior
Situated below something else; pertaining to the lower surface of a part
anterior (ventral)
Pertaining to the front
posterior (dorsal)
Toward the back; opposite of anterior
medial
Toward or near the midline
lateral
Pertaining to the side, away from midline
ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
contralateral
On the opposite side of the body
proximal
Closer to the trunk or point of attachment (only use on the arms and legs)
distal
Farther from the trunk or point of attachment; opposite of proximal (only use on the arms and legs)
superficial
Near the surface of the body or a specified body structure
deep
More internal, not near the surface
sagittal
Plane or section that divides a structure into right and left portions
coronal
any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal
transverse
Plane that divides a structure into inferior and superior portions
frontal bone
Description: Forms forehead, roof of nasal cavity, and roofs of orbits.
Special Features: Supraorbital foramen and frontal sinuses.
parietal bone
Description: Form side walls and roof of cranium.
Special Features: Fused at midline along sagittal suture
temporal bone
Description: Form side walls and floor of cranium.
Special Features: External acoustic meatus, mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, zygomatic process
occipital bone
Description: Forms back of skull and base of cranium
Special Features: Foramen magnum and the occipital condyles.
mandible
Description: Forms lower jaw
Special Features: Body, ramus, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, alveolar process, mandibular foramen, mental foramen
maxilla
Description: Form upper jaw anterior of roof of mouth, floors of orbits, and sides and floor of nasal cavity.
Special features: Alveolar processes, maxillary sinuses, palatine process.
sternum
The breastbone. Split into three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid.
mastoid process
- a conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached, and which has air spaces linked to the middle ear.
- The sternocleidomastoid is attached to it (insertion).
scapula
shoulder blade.
coracoid process
a short projection from the shoulder blade in mammals, to which part of the biceps is attached.
radius
the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm.
radial tuberosity
- Origin: Radius
- Insertion: Biceps Brachii
- Action: bends the upper limb at the elbow
epicranius
compound facial (scalp) muscle composed of the epicranial aponeurosis and the muscles inserting into it, the occipitofrontalis musculus and temporoparietalis muscles
- Origin: Occipital bone
- Insertion: Skin around eye
- Action: Elevates eyebrow as when surprised
masseter
a muscle that runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw on each side and closes the jaw in chewing.
- Origin: Zygomatic Arch
- Insertion: Lateral surface of ramus of mandible
- Action: Elevates and protects the mandible
sternocleidomastoid
Origin: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Action: Allows the ability to bend the head both directions
biceps brachii
- the large muscle in the upper arm that turns the hand to face palm uppermost and flexes the arm and forearm.
- Origin: the coracoid process and the glenoid cavity
- Insertion: single tendon on the radial tuberosity of the radius
- Action: flexion of the elbow
pH scale
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances
covalent bond
a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
isotopes
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties
atomic weight
the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units.
organic
A molecule that contains both carbon and hydrogen
inorganic
Chemical substances that do not include both carbon and hydrogen atoms
monosaccharides
Single sugar, such as glucose or fructose
glycerol
Organic compound that is a building block for fat molecules
carboxyl group
an organic functional group consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group
nucleotides
Building block of a nucleic acid molecule, consisting of a sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
an epithelium that gives a superficial appearance of being stratified because the cell nuclei are at different levels, but in which all cells reach the basement membrane, hence it is classed as a simple epithelium.
hyaline cartilage
Semitransparent, flexible connective tissue with ultra fine collagen fibers
What bone is the mastoid process on?
Temporal bone
The humorous is _____ to the radius?
proximal
The radius is ____ to the humorous?
distal
