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Anatomy > List #4 > Flashcards

List #4 Flashcards

1
Q

basement membrane

A
  • A thin, extracellular layer that anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue.
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2
Q

apical surface

A

-The superficial layer on top of the epithelium

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3
Q

basal surface

A

-The surface above the dermis but under the epithelium

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4
Q

cilia

A
  • Microscopic hair like extensions of the exposed surfaces of most cells
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5
Q

microvilli

A
  • Cells specialized for absorption typically have many tiny, cylindrical processes, called microvilli, extending from their free surfaces.
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6
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Description: many layers, top cells flattened
  • Function: protection
  • Location: linings of oral cavity, vagina, and anal cavity
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7
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A
  • Description: single layer, elongated cells
  • Function: Protection, secretion, absorption
  • Location: Lining of the stomach and small intestines
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8
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A
  • Description: Top layer of elongated cells, lower layers of cube-shaped cells
  • Function: protection, secretion
  • Location: male urethra, linings of larger ducts of excretory glands
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9
Q

exocrine glands

A

-Glands that secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as the skin or the lining of the digestive tract.

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10
Q

endocrine glands

A

-Glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood

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11
Q

macrophages

A

-Histiocytes, originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues.

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12
Q

fibroblasts

A
  • The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissue.

- Large, star-shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

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13
Q

mast cells

A
  • Large and widely distributed in connective tissues, where they are usually near blood vessels.
  • They release heparin, a compound that prevents blood clotting.
  • They also release histamine, which promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies
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14
Q

adipose tissue

A
  • Description: cells in fluid-gel matrix
  • Function: protects, insulates, and stores fat
  • Location: beneath the skin, around the kidneys, and on the surface of the heart
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15
Q

elastic cartilage

A
  • Description: cells in solid-gel matrix

- Function: supports, protects, provides flexible framework

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16
Q

neuroglia

A
  • They divide and are crucial to the functioning of neurons
  • These cells support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help supply growth factors and nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.
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17
Q

epidermis

A
  • Composed of stratified squamous epithelium, it is the outer layer
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18
Q

dermis

A
  • The inner layer, it is thicker than the epidermis and is made up of connective tissue containing collage and elastic fibers, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood
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19
Q

subcutaneous layer(hypodermis)

A
  • Beneath the dermis, masses of areolar and adipose tissues bind the skin to underlying organs. These tissues are not part of the skin
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20
Q

melanocytes

A
  • Specialized cells in the epidermis that produce the pigment melanin from the amino acid tyrosine in organelles
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21
Q

keratinocytes

A
  • proteins produced as epidermal cells die and harden
22
Q

sagittal suture

A
  • They fuse together the parietal bones
23
Q

lambdoidal suture

A
  • The occipital bone joins the parietal bones along the lambdoid suture.
24
Q

coronal suture

A
  • The parietal bones are fused at the midline along the sagittal suture, and they meet the frontal bone along the coronal suture.
25
Q

squamosal suture

A
  • A temporal bone on each side of the skull joins the parietal bone along this suture.
26
Q

jugular foramen

A
  • The opening between the temporal and occipital bones, it accommodates the internal jugular vein
27
Q

crista galli

A
  • Projecting upward into the cranial cavity between eh cribriform plates is a triangular process of the ethmoid bone.
  • Membranes that enclose the brain attach to this process
28
Q

superior orbital fissures

A
  • Found in the sphenoid bone

- Contains cranial cavities 3 oculomotr,4 trochlear,5 trygeminal(ophthalmic branch), and 6 abducens

29
Q

optic canals

A
  • Found in the sphenoid bone on the lesser wings

- Contains cranial cavity 2 optic nerves.

30
Q

middle nasal conchae

A
  • Project inward from the lateral portions of the ethmoid bone toward the perpendicular plate.
  • These bony plates support mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity
31
Q

mental foramina

A
  • Branches of the blood vessels and the nerve emerge from the mandible through the mental foramen, which opens on the outside near the point of the jaw
  • It supplies the tissues of the chin and lower lip
  • Contains cranial nerve 5: trygeminal (mandibular branch)
32
Q

mandibular condyles

A
  • They articulate with the mandibular fossae of the temporal bones, whereas the coronoid processes provide attachments for muscles used in chewing.
33
Q

vertebrosternal ribs

A
  • The first seven rib pairs, called the true ribs, join the sternum directly by their costal cartilages. (1-7)
34
Q

vertebrochondral ribs

A

-The upper three false ribs(8-10)

35
Q

vertebral ribs

A
  • The lower two pairs of ribs are also called floating ribs. (11-12)
36
Q

costal cartilage

A
  • Bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.
37
Q

greater sciatic notch

A
  • Found below the posterior superior iliac spine in a deep indentation.
  • A number of nerves and blood vessels pass
38
Q

obturator foramen

A
  • The largest foramen in the body

- The hole in-between the pubis and ischium

39
Q

greater trochanter

A
  • By the head of the femur is superior.

- Provides attachments for muscles of the lower limbs and buttocks

40
Q

lesser trochanter

A
  • By the head of the femur is inferior.

- Provides attachments for muscles of the lower limbs and buttocks

41
Q

medial malleolus

A
  • The tibia expands to form a prominence on the medial side of the ankle called the medial malleolus.
  • Attachment for ligaments
42
Q

lateral malleolus

A
  • The fibula’s ends are slightly enlarge into a proximal head and distal lateral malleolus.
  • Articulates with the ankle and protrudes on the lateral side
43
Q

tibialis anterior

A
  • Origin: Lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia
  • Insertion: Tarsal bone and first metatarsal
  • Action: Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
44
Q

soleus

A
  • Origin: Head and shaft of fibula and posterior surface of tibia
  • Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus
  • Action: Plantar flexion of foot
45
Q

latissimus dorsi

A
  • Origin: Spines of sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest, and lower ribs
  • Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • Action: Extends shoulder, adducts and rotates the arm medially, or depresses and retracts the shoulder
46
Q

lateral pterygoid

A
  • Origin: Sphenoid bone
  • Insertion: Anterior surface of mandibular condyle
  • Action: Depresses and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side
47
Q

deltoid

A
  • Origin: Acromion process, spine of the scapula, and the clavicle
  • Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humorous
  • Action: Lateral portion abducts arm, anterior portion flexes shoulder, posterior portion extends shoulder
48
Q

supraspinatus

A
  • Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
  • Action: Abducts arm
49
Q

tensor fascia latae

A
  • Origin: Anterior iliac crest
  • Insertion: Iliotibial tract(fascia of thigh)
  • Action: Abducts thigh, flexes hip, and rotates thigh medially
50
Q

vastus lateralis

A
  • Origin: Greater trochanter and posterior surface of femur
  • Insertion: Patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
  • Action: Extends knee

Anatomy (17 decks)

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