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Anatomy > Chapter 5 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Review Flashcards

1
Q

histology

A
  • Study of tissues
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2
Q

intercellular junctions

A

-connect cell membranes

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3
Q

tight junctions

A
  • join cells that form sheetlike layers, like in the digestive tract
  • linings of tiny blood vessels in the brain consists of cells held tightly together
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4
Q

gap junctions

A
  • link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells and allow ions, nutrients, and other substances to move through
  • heart muscle and digestive tract
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5
Q

desmosome

A

-enables skin cells to form a reinforced structural unit

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6
Q

epithelial

A

function:protection, secretion, and absorption

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7
Q

connective

A

function: bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells

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8
Q

muscle

A

function: Movement

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9
Q

nervous

A

function:Conduct mules for coordination, regulation, integration, and sensory reception

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10
Q

basement membrane

A

-anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue

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11
Q

cilia

A
  • Microscopic hair like extensions of the exposed surfaces of most cells
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12
Q

microvilli

A
  • Cells specialized for absorption typically have many tiny, cylindrical processes, called microvilli, extending from their free surfaces.
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13
Q

goblet cells

A

-secrete mucous

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14
Q

keratins

A
  • proteins

- which hardens and dies producing a dry covering causing it to become water proof

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15
Q

melanocytes

A
  • Specialized cells in the epidermis that produce the pigment melanin from the amino acid tyrosine in organelles
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16
Q

keratinocytes

A
  • proteins produced as epidermal cells die and harden
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17
Q

merocrine glands

A

A fluid product released through the cell membrane by exocytosis. Salivary, pancreatic, and sweat glands

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18
Q

apocrine glands

A

Cellular product and portions of the free ends of glandular cells pinch of during secretion. Mammary, ceruminous glands, lining of the external acoustic meatus

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19
Q

holocrine glands

A

Disintegrated entire cells filled with secretory products. Sebaceous glands of the skin

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20
Q

fibroblasts

A
  • The most common type of fixed cell in connective tissue.

- Large, star-shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

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21
Q

macrophages

A
  • Also called histiocytes, originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues.
  • They are usually attached to fibers but can detach and actively one about.
  • As scavenger cells, they can clear foreign particles from tissues, providing an important defense against infection.
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22
Q

mast cells

A
  • Large and widely distributed in connective tissues, where they are usually near blood vessels.
  • They release heparin, a compound that prevents blood clotting.
  • They also release histamine, which promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies
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23
Q

histamine

A
  • inflammation and allergies

- released by mast cells

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24
Q

heparin

A
  • prevents blood clotting

- released by mast cells

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25
Q

collagen fibers

A

Thick threads of the protein collage, which is a major structural protein. Holds structures together, such as tendons and ligaments. It is found abundantly in dense regular connective tissue

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26
Q

elastic fibers

A

Composed of springlike protein called elastin; made for stretching found in vocal cords and air passages.

27
Q

reticular fibers

A

They are thin collagen fibers. Found in areas like the spleen

28
Q

adipose tissue

A
  • Description: cells in fluid-gel matrix
  • Function: protects, insulates, and stores fat
  • Location: beneath the skin, around the kidneys, and on the surface of the heart
29
Q

cartilage

A

-a rigid connective tissue

30
Q

lacunae

A
  • Cartilage cells, called chondrocytes, occupy small cambers called lacunae and lie completely within the extracellular matrix.
31
Q

perichondrium

A
  • A cartilaginous structure is enclosed in a covering of connective tissue.
  • Cartilage cells near the perichondrium obtain nutrients from these vessels by diffusion, aided by the water in the extracellular matrix
32
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • supports, protects, provides framework

- ends of bones, nose, and rings in the walls of the respiratory tract

33
Q

serous membranes

A

line body cavities

34
Q

mucous membranes

A

line the cavities and tubes that open to the outside of the body

35
Q

cutaneous membranes

A

-skin

36
Q

synovial membrane

A

-lines the joints

37
Q

neuroglia

A
  • They divide and are crucial to the functioning of neurons
  • These cells support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help supply growth factors and nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.
38
Q

dendrites

A

Extensions of a neuron that receives messages

39
Q

axons

A

-cellular processes that have impulses traveling down them

40
Q

epidermis

A
  • Composed of stratified squamous epithelium, it is the outer layer
41
Q

dermis

A
  • The inner layer, it is thicker than the epidermis and is made up of connective tissue containing collage and elastic fibers, smooth muscle tissue, nervous tissue, and blood
42
Q

hypodermis

A
  • Beneath the dermis, masses of areolar and adipose tissues bind the skin to underlying organs. These tissues are not part of the skin
43
Q

apical surface

A

-The superficial layer on top of the epithelium

44
Q

basal surface

A

-The surface above the dermis but under the epithelium

45
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Description: many layers, top cells flattened
  • Function: protection
  • Location: linings of oral cavity, vagina, and anal cavity
46
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A
  • Description: single layer, elongated cells
  • Function: Protection, secretion, absorption
  • Location: Lining of the stomach and small intestines
47
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A
  • Description: Top layer of elongated cells, lower layers of cube-shaped cells
  • Function: protection, secretion
  • Location: male urethra, linings of larger ducts of excretory glands
48
Q

elastic cartilage

A
  • More flexible than hyaline cartilage because its extracellular matrix has a dense network of elastic fibers.
  • It provides the framework for the external ears and parts of the larynx.
49
Q

transitional epithelium

A
  • Specialized to change in response to increased tension.

- It forms the inner lining of the urinary bladder and lines the ureters and the superior urethra

50
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Description: Single layer, flattened cells
Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, covers surface
Location: Air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries, lining body cavities

51
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Description: Single layer, cube-shaped cells
Function: Protection, secretion, absorption
Location: Surface of ovaries, linings of kidney tubules, and linings of ducts of certain glands

52
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Description: Single layer, elongated cells
Function: protection, secretion, movement of mucus and substances
Location: Linings of respiratory passages

53
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Description: 2-3 layers, cube shaped cells
Function: Protection
Location: Linings of ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas

54
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Description: Unicellular/multicellular
Function: Secretion
Location: Salivary glands, sweat glands, endocrine glands

55
Q

Areolar(Loose) connective tissue

A

Description: Cells in fluid- gel matrix
Function: Binds organs
Location: Beneath the skin (hypodermis), surrounds organs

56
Q

Adipose connective tissue

A

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Protects, insulates, and stores fat
Location: Beneath the skin, around the kidneys, behind the eyeballs, on the surface of the heart

57
Q

Reticular Connective tissue

A

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Supports
Location: Walls of liver and spleen

58
Q

Dense Regular Connective tissue

A

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Binds body parts
Location: Tendons, ligaments

59
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: Sustains tissue tension
Location: Dermis

60
Q

Elastic connective tissue

A

Description: Cells in fluid-gel matrix
Function: provides flexible framework
Location: Framework of external ear and part of larynx

61
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Description: Cells in solid-gel matrix
Function: Supports, protects, absorbs shock
Location: Between bony parts of spinal column, parts of pelvic girdle and knee

62
Q

Bone

A

Description: cells in solid matrix
Function: Supports, protects, provides framework
Location: Bones of skeleton, middle ear

63
Q

Blood

A

Description: Cells and platelets in fluid matrix
Function: Transports gases, defends against disease, clotting
Location: Throughout the body in a closed system of blood vessels and heart chambers

64
Q

Articulating cartilage

A

found in joints, hyaline cartilage

Anatomy (17 decks)

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