List #3

Question 1

zygomatic bones

Answer 1

• Responsible for the prominences of the cheeks below and to the sides of the eyes.
• Each bone has a temporal process, which extends posteriorly to join the zygomatic process of a temporal bone.

Question 2

humerus

Answer 2

• A long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow.

- Its upper end is a smooth, rounded head that fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Question 3

intertubercular groove

Answer 3

• The humerus has two processes: the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Between these two processes is the intertubercular groove.
• A tendon passes through the groove from a muscle in the arm(biceps brachii) to the shoulder.

Question 4

coxal bones

Answer 4

-Consists of two bones, pelvic bones or innominate bones, which articulate with each other anteriorly and with the sacrum posteriorly.

Question 5

ischium

Answer 5

• The lowest portion of the hip bone, is L-shaped, with its angle, the ischial tuberosity, pointing posteriorly and downward.

Question 6

ilium

Answer 6

• The largest and most superior portion of the hip bone, flares outward, forming the prominence of the hip.

Question 7

pubis

Answer 7

-Constitutes the anterior portion of the hip bone. The two pubic bones come together at the midline to form a joint called the pubic symphysis. The angle these bones form below the symphysis si the pubic arch.

Question 8

ischial tuberosity

Answer 8

• The tuberosity has a rough surface that provides attachments for ligaments and lower limb muscles.
• It supports the weight of the body when sitting.
• Above the ischial tuberosity, near the junction of the ilium and ischium, is a sharp projection called the ischial spine.

Question 9

acetabulum

Answer 9

• The fusion of the ilium, ischium, and the pubis.

- This depression, on the lateral surface of the hip bone, receives the rounded head of the femur of thigh bone.

Question 10

femur

Answer 10

• Also called the thigh bone
• The longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee.
• A large rounded head at its proximal end projects medially into the acetabulum of the hip bone.

Question 11

linea aspera

Answer 11

• A longitudinal crest on the posterior surface in the middle third of the shaft.
  This rough strip is an attachment for several muscles.

Question 12

tibia

Answer 12

• Also called the shin bone.
• The larger of the two leg bones and is located on the medial side.
• Its proximal end is expanded into medial and lateral condyles, which have concave surfaced and articulate with the condyles of the femur.

Question 13

sphenoid bone

Answer 13

• It is wedged between several other bones in the anterior portion of the cranium, and consists of a central part and two winglike structures that extend laterally toward each side of the skull.
• The bone helps form the base o the cranium, the sides of the skull, and the floors and sides of the orbits

Question 14

ethmoid bone

Answer 14

• It is located in front of the sphenoid bone, and consists of two masses: one on each side of the nasal cavity, joined horizontal by thin cribriform plates.

Question 15

sella turcica

Answer 15

• Along the midline within the cranial cavity, a portion of the spend bone indents to form the saddle-shaped sella turcica.
• In this depression lies the pituitary gland, which hangs from the base of the brain by a stalk.

Question 16

cribriform plates

Answer 16

• These plates form part o the roof of the nasal cavity, and nerves associated with the sense of smell pass through tiny openings in them.

Question 17

palatine bones

Answer 17

• The L shaped bones are located behind the maxillae.
• The horizontal portions of these bones form the posterior section of the hard palate and the door of the nasal cavity.
• The perpendicular portions of the bones help form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Question 18

perpendicular plate

Answer 18

• Projects downward int he midline from the cribriform plates to form most of the nasal septum.

Question 19

nasal conchae

Answer 19

• Delicate, scroll-shaped plates called the superior nasal concha and the middle nasal concha project inward from the lateral portions of the ethmoid bone toward the perpendicular plate.
• The bony plates support mucous membranes that line the nasal cavity.

Question 20

zygomaticus

Answer 20

Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Action: Elevates corner of mouth as when smiling

Question 21

orbicularis oris

Answer 21

Origin: Maxillary and frontal bones
Insertion: Skin around the eye
Action: Closes eye as in blinking

Question 22

temporalis

Answer 22

Origin: Temporal bone
Insertion: Coronoid proces and anterior ramus of mandible
Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

Question 23

rhomboideus major

Answer 23

Origin: Spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Retracts, elevates, and rotates scapula

Question 24

pectoralis minor

Answer 24

Origin: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: Depresses and protracts scapula, elevates ribs during forceful inhalation

Question 25

gracilis

Answer 25

Origin: Lower edge of pubic symphysis
Insertion: Proximal, medial surface of tibia
Action: Adducts thigh and flexes knee

Question 26

rectus femoris

Answer 26

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and margin of acetabulum
Insertion: Patella by tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Action: Extends knee flexes hip.

Question 27

biceps femoris

Answer 27

Origin: Ischia tuberosity and linea aspera of femur
Insertion: Head of fibula
Action: Flexes knee, rotates leg laterally, and extends hip

Question 28

transitional epithelium

Answer 28

• Specialized to change in response to increased tension.

- It forms the inner lining of the urinary bladder and lines the ureters and the superior urethra

Question 29

macrophages

Answer 29

• Also called histiocytes, originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues.
• They are usually attached to fibers but can detach and actively one about.
• As scavenger cells, they can clear foreign particles from tissues, providing an important defense against infection.

Question 30

smooth muscle

Answer 30

• Smooth because its cells do not have striations.
• These cells are shorter than those of skeletal muscle and are spindle-shaped, each with a single, centrally located nucleus.
• Comprises the walls of hollow internal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.

Question 31

cardiac muscle

Answer 31

• Only found in the heart
• Its cells, striated and branched, are joined end-to-end, and interconnected in complex networks.
• This tissue makes up the bulk of the heart and pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels.

Question 32

elastic cartilage

Answer 32

• More flexible than hyaline cartilage because its extracellular matrix has a dense network of elastic fibers.
• It provides the framework for the external ears and parts of the larynx.

Question 33

matrix

Answer 33

• Fibers and ground substance in the spaces between cells, especially between connective tissue cells.

Question 34

muscle striations

Answer 34

• Threadlike cells have alternating list and dark cross-markings.

Question 35

intercalated disks

Answer 35

• Where one cell touches another cell is a specialized intercellular junction, seen only in cardiac tissue

Question 36

neuroglial cells

Answer 36

• Nervous tissue includes abundant neuroglia, which divide and are crucial to the functioning of neurons.
• These cells support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help supply growth factors and nutrients to neurons by contacting them to blow vessels.

Question 37

dense connective tissue

Answer 37

• Thicker, interwoven, and more randomly distributed than fibers of dense regular connective tissue.
• Found in the dermis, which is the deep skin layer.

Question 38

lacunae

Answer 38

• Cartilage cells, called chondrocytes, occupy small cambers called lacunae and lie completely within the extracellular matrix.

Question 39

bone lamellae

Answer 39

• In compact bone, cells called osteoblasts deposit bony matrix in thin layers called lamellae, which form concentric patterns around longitudinal tubes called central canals which contain capillaries.

Question 40

bone canaliculi

Answer 40

• The bone cells have many cytoplasmic processes that extend outward and pass through tiny tubes in the extracellular matrix.
• As a result, materials can move rapidly between blood vessels and bone cells.

Question 41

perichondrium

Answer 41

• A cartilaginous structure is enclosed in a covering of connective tissue.
• Cartilage cells near the perichondrium obtain nutrients from these vessels by diffusion, aided by the water in the extracellular matrix.