List #5 Flashcards
hyoid bone
- Located in the neck between the lower jaw and larynx.
- It doesn’t articulate with any other bones but is fixed in position by muscles and ligaments.
- supports the tongue and is an attachment for certain muscles that help move the tongue during swallowing
stapes
- An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
- this vibration its like piston at the oval window and transfers the vibrations to a fluid within the inner ear
incus
- An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
- Pases the vibration on to the stapes
malleus
- An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
- The tympanic membrane vibrates the malleus which vibrates the incus
epiphysis
- Located at the end of a long bone and articulates with another bone to form a joint
diaphysis
- The shaft of the bone
articular cartilage
- A layer of hyaline cartilage that coats the articulating portion of the epiphysis.
periosteum
- A tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue, except for the articular cartilage on its ends.
- Form and repair bone tissue
medullary cavity
- A hollow chamber formed by a tube in the diaphysis of a long bone.
endochondral ossification
- The process of forming an endochondral bone by replacement of hyaline cartilage.
intramembranous ossification
- The process of replacing embryonic connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone.
epiphyseal disk
- As spongy bone is deposited in the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of cartilage called epiphyseal plate.
- Allow for growth of bones; growth plates
osteoclasts
- Large multinucleate cells that break down the calcified matrix.
hematopoiesis
- The process of blood cell formation, which regis in the yolk sac outside of the embryo
- Areas where blood cells are produced: bone marrow, liver (fetal development), spleen (fetal dev.), and yolk sack (fetal dev.)
deltoid tuberosity
- A rough V shaped area near the middle of the humerus’s bony shaft on the lateral side
fovea capitis
- Found on the head of the femur its a pit that marks the attachment of a ligament
ischial spine
- A sharp projection located above the ischial tuberosity, near the junction of the ilium and ischium
manubrium
- One of the three parts of the sternum. It articulates with the clavicles
mandibular fossa
- Depressions found in the internal ear structures housed in the temporal bone.
internal and external auditory meatuses
- Internal is located on the floor of the cranial cavity in the temporal bone. Branches of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and blood vessels (7&8).
- External is located near the inferior margin which leads inward to parts of the ear.
supraorbital and infraorbital foramina
- Supra is in the frontal bone and has blood vessels and nerves that pass to the tissues in the forehead.
- Infra is located below the orbit in the maxillary bone. Infraorbital blood vessels and nerves pass through it.
occipital condyles
- Located on each side of the foramen magnum, it articulates with the first vertebra(atlas).
coronoid process of mandible
- Provides attachments for muscles used in chewing.
mandibular foramen
- Location: Near point of jaw in mandible
- Major structures: Mental nerve and blood vessels
long bones vs. short bones
- Long bones: longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Humerus and Femur bones.
- Short bones: cube like, with roughly equal lengths and widths. Tarsals and Carpals
flat bones vs. irregular bones
- Flat bones: platelike structures with road surfaces, such as ribs, scapula, and some bones in the skull
- Irregular bones: variety of shapes, most are connected to several other bones. Vertebrae that compose the back bone and many facial bones.
sesamoid bones
- A special type of short bone. Usually small and nodular and embedded in a tendon adjacent to a joint, where the tendon is compressed. The patella is a sesamoid bone.
anterior fontanel
- The connector point between the two parts of the frontal bone and the two parts of the parietal bones
posterior fontanel
- The connector point between the two parts of the parietal bones and the occipital
mastoid fontanel
- The connector point of the temporal bone, occipital, and parietal.
sphenoid fontanel
- The connector point of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bone.
sutural(wormian) bones
- extra bones found in sutures
coccyx
- the lowest part of the vertebral column and is usually composed of four vertebrae that fuse between the ages of twenty-five and thirty
capitulum
- One of the two smooth condyles on the humerus and is on the lateral side
trochlea
- One of the two smooth condyles on the humerus it is on the medial side and is shaped like a pulley.
acromegaly
- The secretion of excess growth hormone, in which hands, feet, and jaw enlarge.
loose connective tissue
-Has sparse collagen fibers.
supinator
- Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and crest of ulna
- Insertion: Anterior and lateral surface of radius
- Action: Rotates forearm laterally, supinates forearm and hand
pronator teres
- Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus an coronoid process of ulna
- Insertion: Lateral surface of radius
- Action: Rotates forearm medially; pronates forearm and hand
sartorius
- Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
- Insertion: Meidal surface of tibia
- Action: Flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotate thigh laterally, and rotates leg medially
psoas major
- Origin: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
- Action: Flexes hip
iliacus
- Origin: Iliac fossa of ilium
- Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
- Action: Flexes hip
triceps brachii
- Origin: Tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and posterior surfaces of humerus.
- Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
- Action: Extends elbow
1)olfactory nerves
- Sensory
Function: Sensor fiber conduct impulses associated with sense of smell.
4) trochlear nerves
-Primarily motor
Function: motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes. Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with proprioceptors
5) trigeminal nerves
Ophthalmic: Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the surface of the eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids.
Maxillary:” “ upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip, lining of the palate, and skin of the face
Mandibular: scalp, skin of the jaw, lower teeth, lower gum, and lower lip. Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and salivary glands.
6) abducens nerves
-Primarily Motor
Function: Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes. Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with proprioceptors.
7) facial nerves
-Function: sensory- associated with taste receptors of the anterior of the tongue. motor- muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and salivary glands.
8) vestibulocochlear nerves
-Sensory
Vestibular: sense of equilibrium
Cochlear: sense of hearing
9) glossopharyngeal nerves
- sensory- pharynx, tonsils, posterior of tongue, and carotid arteries
- motor- salivary glands and to muscles of the pharynx used in swallowing.
10) vagus nerves
-sensory= pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen. somatic= muscles associated with speech and swallowing; autonomic- viscera of the thorax and abdomen.
11) spinal accessory nerves
-motor= muscles of the neck and back; some proprioceptor input
12) hypoglossal nerves
-motor= muscles that move the tongue, some proprioceptor input
