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Anatomy > List #5 > Flashcards

List #5 Flashcards

1
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • Located in the neck between the lower jaw and larynx.
  • It doesn’t articulate with any other bones but is fixed in position by muscles and ligaments.
  • supports the tongue and is an attachment for certain muscles that help move the tongue during swallowing
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2
Q

stapes

A
  • An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
  • this vibration its like piston at the oval window and transfers the vibrations to a fluid within the inner ear
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3
Q

incus

A
  • An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
  • Pases the vibration on to the stapes
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4
Q

malleus

A
  • An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
  • The tympanic membrane vibrates the malleus which vibrates the incus
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5
Q

epiphysis

A
  • Located at the end of a long bone and articulates with another bone to form a joint
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6
Q

diaphysis

A
  • The shaft of the bone
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7
Q

articular cartilage

A
  • A layer of hyaline cartilage that coats the articulating portion of the epiphysis.
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8
Q

periosteum

A
  • A tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue, except for the articular cartilage on its ends.
  • Form and repair bone tissue
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9
Q

medullary cavity

A
  • A hollow chamber formed by a tube in the diaphysis of a long bone.
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10
Q

endochondral ossification

A
  • The process of forming an endochondral bone by replacement of hyaline cartilage.
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11
Q

intramembranous ossification

A
  • The process of replacing embryonic connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone.
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12
Q

epiphyseal disk

A
  • As spongy bone is deposited in the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of cartilage called epiphyseal plate.
  • Allow for growth of bones; growth plates
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13
Q

osteoclasts

A
  • Large multinucleate cells that break down the calcified matrix.
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14
Q

hematopoiesis

A
  • The process of blood cell formation, which regis in the yolk sac outside of the embryo
  • Areas where blood cells are produced: bone marrow, liver (fetal development), spleen (fetal dev.), and yolk sack (fetal dev.)
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15
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A
  • A rough V shaped area near the middle of the humerus’s bony shaft on the lateral side
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16
Q

fovea capitis

A
  • Found on the head of the femur its a pit that marks the attachment of a ligament
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17
Q

ischial spine

A
  • A sharp projection located above the ischial tuberosity, near the junction of the ilium and ischium
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18
Q

manubrium

A
  • One of the three parts of the sternum. It articulates with the clavicles
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19
Q

mandibular fossa

A
  • Depressions found in the internal ear structures housed in the temporal bone.
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20
Q

internal and external auditory meatuses

A
  • Internal is located on the floor of the cranial cavity in the temporal bone. Branches of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and blood vessels (7&8).
  • External is located near the inferior margin which leads inward to parts of the ear.
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21
Q

supraorbital and infraorbital foramina

A
  • Supra is in the frontal bone and has blood vessels and nerves that pass to the tissues in the forehead.
  • Infra is located below the orbit in the maxillary bone. Infraorbital blood vessels and nerves pass through it.
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22
Q

occipital condyles

A
  • Located on each side of the foramen magnum, it articulates with the first vertebra(atlas).
23
Q

coronoid process of mandible

A
  • Provides attachments for muscles used in chewing.
24
Q

mandibular foramen

A
  • Location: Near point of jaw in mandible

- Major structures: Mental nerve and blood vessels

25
Q

long bones vs. short bones

A
  • Long bones: longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Humerus and Femur bones.
  • Short bones: cube like, with roughly equal lengths and widths. Tarsals and Carpals
26
Q

flat bones vs. irregular bones

A
  • Flat bones: platelike structures with road surfaces, such as ribs, scapula, and some bones in the skull
  • Irregular bones: variety of shapes, most are connected to several other bones. Vertebrae that compose the back bone and many facial bones.
27
Q

sesamoid bones

A
  • A special type of short bone. Usually small and nodular and embedded in a tendon adjacent to a joint, where the tendon is compressed. The patella is a sesamoid bone.
28
Q

anterior fontanel

A
  • The connector point between the two parts of the frontal bone and the two parts of the parietal bones
29
Q

posterior fontanel

A
  • The connector point between the two parts of the parietal bones and the occipital
30
Q

mastoid fontanel

A
  • The connector point of the temporal bone, occipital, and parietal.
31
Q

sphenoid fontanel

A
  • The connector point of the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bone.
32
Q

sutural(wormian) bones

A
  • extra bones found in sutures
33
Q

coccyx

A
  • the lowest part of the vertebral column and is usually composed of four vertebrae that fuse between the ages of twenty-five and thirty
34
Q

capitulum

A
  • One of the two smooth condyles on the humerus and is on the lateral side
35
Q

trochlea

A
  • One of the two smooth condyles on the humerus it is on the medial side and is shaped like a pulley.
36
Q

acromegaly

A
  • The secretion of excess growth hormone, in which hands, feet, and jaw enlarge.
37
Q

loose connective tissue

A

-Has sparse collagen fibers.

38
Q

supinator

A
  • Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and crest of ulna
  • Insertion: Anterior and lateral surface of radius
  • Action: Rotates forearm laterally, supinates forearm and hand
39
Q

pronator teres

A
  • Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus an coronoid process of ulna
  • Insertion: Lateral surface of radius
  • Action: Rotates forearm medially; pronates forearm and hand
40
Q

sartorius

A
  • Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Insertion: Meidal surface of tibia
  • Action: Flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotate thigh laterally, and rotates leg medially
41
Q

psoas major

A
  • Origin: Bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
  • Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
  • Action: Flexes hip
42
Q

iliacus

A
  • Origin: Iliac fossa of ilium
  • Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
  • Action: Flexes hip
43
Q

triceps brachii

A
  • Origin: Tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and posterior surfaces of humerus.
  • Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
  • Action: Extends elbow
44
Q

1)olfactory nerves

A
  • Sensory

Function: Sensor fiber conduct impulses associated with sense of smell.

45
Q

4) trochlear nerves

A

-Primarily motor
Function: motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes. Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with proprioceptors

46
Q

5) trigeminal nerves

A

Ophthalmic: Sensory fibers conduct impulses from the surface of the eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids.
Maxillary:” “ upper teeth, upper gum, upper lip, lining of the palate, and skin of the face
Mandibular: scalp, skin of the jaw, lower teeth, lower gum, and lower lip. Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and salivary glands.

47
Q

6) abducens nerves

A

-Primarily Motor
Function: Motor fibers conduct impulses to muscles that move the eyes. Some sensory fibers conduct impulses associated with proprioceptors.

48
Q

7) facial nerves

A

-Function: sensory- associated with taste receptors of the anterior of the tongue. motor- muscles of facial expression, tear glands, and salivary glands.

49
Q

8) vestibulocochlear nerves

A

-Sensory
Vestibular: sense of equilibrium
Cochlear: sense of hearing

50
Q

9) glossopharyngeal nerves

A
  • sensory- pharynx, tonsils, posterior of tongue, and carotid arteries
  • motor- salivary glands and to muscles of the pharynx used in swallowing.
51
Q

10) vagus nerves

A 
-sensory= pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen.
somatic= muscles associated with speech and swallowing; autonomic- viscera of the thorax and abdomen.
52
Q

11) spinal accessory nerves

A

-motor= muscles of the neck and back; some proprioceptor input

53
Q

12) hypoglossal nerves

A

-motor= muscles that move the tongue, some proprioceptor input

Anatomy (17 decks)

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