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Anatomy > List #6 > Flashcards

List #6 Flashcards

1
Q

fascia

A

-layers of dense connective tissue that holds individual skeletal muscle in position.

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2
Q

myosin

A

-thick protein filament (dark)

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3
Q

actin

A

-thin protein filament (light)

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4
Q

sacromeres

A
  • The striations form a repeating pattern of units along tac muscle fiber
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5
Q

I-bands

A
  • The light bands, composed of thin actin filaments held by direct attachments to structures called Z lines
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6
Q

Z-lines

A

-Found in the center of I-bands

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7
Q

H-zones

A
  • A slightly lighter central region consisting only of thick filaments found in the A-band
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8
Q

A-bands

A

-The second part of the striation pattern, which composes thick myosin filaments overlapping thin actin filaments

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9
Q

M-lines

A
  • Consists of proteins that help hold the thick filaments in place, found in the A band in a thicker section.
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10
Q

myosin crossbridges

A

-A myosin head can attach to an actin binding site forming a cross-bridge, and bend slightly, pulling on the actin filament

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11
Q

ATPases

A
  • An enzyme found in myosin heads

- it catalyzes the breakdown of ATP to ADP and a phosphate

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12
Q

tropomyosin

A

-rod-shaped and occupy the longitudinal grooves of the actin helix

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13
Q

troponin

A

-three protein subunits and are attached to actin

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14
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A
  • corresponds to the endoplasmic reticulum. Membranous channels in the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber that surrounds each myofibril and runs parallel to it.
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15
Q

transverse tubules

A
  • A set of membranous channels that extends into the sarcoplasm as invaginations continuous with the sarcolemma and contains extracellular fluid
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16
Q

triads

A

-Region where the actin and myosin filaments overlap

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17
Q

sliding filament theory

A
  • When sarcomeres shorten, the thick and thin filaments do not change length
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18
Q

neuromuscular junction

A
  • The synapse where a motor neuron axon and a skeletal muscle fibers.
  • Here the muscle fiber membrane is specialized to form a motor end plate, where nuclei and mitochondria are abundant and the sarcolemma is extensively folded.
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19
Q

lower motor neurons

A
  • Neurons that control effectors, including skeletal muscle fibers.
  • Normally a skeletal muscle fiber contracts only upon stimulation by its motor neuron
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20
Q

motor end plates

A
  • Where nuclei and mitochondria are abundant and the sarcolemma is extensively folded.
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21
Q

motor unit

A
  • Together a motor neuron and a muscle fiber control it
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22
Q

synaptic cleft

A
  • A small gap that separates the membrane of the neuron and the membrane of the muscle fiber
23
Q

neurotransmitters

A
  • Biological messenger molecules that convey neural information
24
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

-tiny vesicles that stores neurotransmitters

25
Q

acetylcholine (ACh)

A
  • The neurotransmitter that motor neurons use to control skeletal muscle contraction.
26
Q

acetylcholinesterase

A
  • An enzyme that rapidly decomposes acetylcholine remaining in the synapse.
27
Q

myasthenia gravis

A
  • grave muscular weakness
  • The body produces antibodies that target receptors for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine on skeletal muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions
28
Q

peristalsis

A
  • Alternare contractions and relaxations of the longitudinal and circular muscles.
  • In the intestines it pushes food down the digestive tract
29
Q

dendrites

A
  • Small cellular processes that receive input
30
Q

axons

A
  • A longer process than dendrites(nerve fiber) , and carries the information away from the cell in the form of impulses
31
Q

cell body(perikaryon) of neuron

A
  • It contains granular cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, a Golgi apparatus, and many microtubules.
32
Q

chromatophilic substance (Nissl substance)

A
  • consist mainly of rough endoplasmic reticulum
33
Q

Schwan cells

A

-neuroglia that encase the large axons of peripheral neurons in lipid-rich sheaths (PNS)

34
Q

myelin

A
  • layers that consist of several types of lipids and proteins
35
Q

nodes of Ranvier

A

-Narrow gaps in the myelin sheath between Schwann cells

36
Q

trigger zone (axon hillock)

A
  • In a multipolar neron, the first part of the axon the cone-shaped axon hillock or initial segment
37
Q

astrocytes

A
  • provide support and hold structures together with abundant cellular processes
  • aid metabolism of certain substances, and they may help regulate the concentrations of important ions in the interstitial space of nervous tissues
38
Q

oligodendrocytes

A
  • A type of neuroglia that produces myelin rather than a Schwann cell. (CNS)
39
Q

microglia

A
  • Small cells that have fewer processes than other types of neuroglia
40
Q

ependyma

A
  • Cuboidal or columnar cells in shape and may have cilia.

- They form the inner lining of the central canal that extends downward through the spinal cord

41
Q

ventricles

A

-Ependymal cells also form a one-cell-thick epithelial-like membrane that covers the inside of spaces in the brain

42
Q

central canal

A

-Extends downward from the spinal cord

43
Q

choroid plexuses

A
  • Specialized capillaries associated with the ventricles of the brain
  • They regulate the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid
44
Q

buccinator

A

origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible
insertion: orbicularis oris
action: compresses cheeks

45
Q

platysma

A

origin: Fascia in upper chest
insertion: skin and muscles below mouth; mandible
action: depresses lower lip and angle of mouth as when pouting

46
Q

levator scapulae

A

origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebra
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: elevates scapula

47
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin: clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of upper ribs
insertion: intertubercular groove
action: flexes shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially

48
Q

coracobrachialis

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: medial mid-shaft of humerus
action: flexes shoulder and adducts arm

49
Q

teres major

A

origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: intertubercular groove
action: extends shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially

50
Q

subscapularis

A

origin: anterior surface of scapula
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
action: rotates are medially

51
Q

infraspinatus

A

origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: rotates arm laterally

52
Q

brachioradialis

A

origin: distal lateral end of humerus
insertion: lateral surface of radius above styloid process
action: flexes elbow

53
Q

triceps brachii

A

origin: tubercle below glenoid cavity and lateral and posterior surfaces of the humerus
insertion: olecranon process of ulna
action: extends the elbow

54
Q

plantaris

A

origin: femur
insertion: calcaneus
action: plantar flexion of foot, flexes knee

Anatomy (17 decks)

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