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Anatomy > Chapter 7 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Review Flashcards

1
Q

epiphysis

A
  • Located at the end of a long bone and articulates with another bone to form a joint
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2
Q

articular cartilage

A
  • A layer of hyaline cartilage that coats the articulating portion of the epiphysis.
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3
Q

diaphysis

A
  • The shaft of the bone
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4
Q

metaphysis

A

-the widening part of the bone between the diaphysis and epiphysis

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5
Q

periosteum

A
  • A tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue, except for the articular cartilage on its ends.
  • Form and repair bone tissue
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6
Q

compact bone

A

-tightly packed tissue

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7
Q

spongy bone

A

-thick layers of compact bone on their surfaces

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8
Q

short bone

A

-Short bones: cube like, with roughly equal lengths and widths. Tarsals and Carpals

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9
Q

flat bone

A

-Flat bones: platelike structures with road surfaces, such as ribs, scapula, and some bones in the skull

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10
Q

irregular bone

A

-Irregular bones: variety of shapes, most are connected to several other bones. Vertebrae that compose the back bone and many facial bones.

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11
Q

medullary cavity

A
  • A hollow chamber formed by a tube in the diaphysis of a long bone.
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12
Q

endosteum

A
  • a thin membrane containing bone-forming cells

- it lines the medullar cavities

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13
Q

marrow

A

-a specialized type of connective tissue

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14
Q

osteocytes

A

-bone cells

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15
Q

osteon(Haversian canal)

A

-central canal of bone cells

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16
Q

lamellae

A

-layers of extracellular matrix in compact bone

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17
Q

lacunae

A

-bony chambers, which house osteocytes

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18
Q

canaliculi

A

-way for cells to travel throughout the bone

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19
Q

perforating canals(Volkmann’s canals)

A

connects the central canals

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20
Q

intramembranous bones

A
  • flat bones

- skull, clavicle, sternum, mandible, maxillae, and zygomatic

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21
Q

endochondral bones

A

-develops from hyaline cartilage

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22
Q

osteoblasts

A

-bone forming cells

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23
Q

osteoclasts

A
  • Large multinucleate cells that break down the calcified matrix.
24
Q

intramembranous ossification

A
  • The process of replacing embryonic connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone.
25
Q

endochondral ossification

A
  • The process of forming an endochondral bone by replacement of hyaline cartilage.
26
Q

epiphyseal plate

A
  • As spongy bone is deposited in the diaphysis and in the epiphysis, a band of cartilage called epiphyseal plate.
  • Allow for growth of bones; growth plates
27
Q

Vitamin D

A

-necessary for proper absorption of dietary calcium in the small intestine

28
Q

Vitamin A

A

-necessary for osteoblast and osteoclast activity during normal development

29
Q

Vitamin C

A

-required for collagen synthesis

30
Q

growth hormone

A

-stimulates division of cartilage cells int he epiphyseal plates

31
Q

thyroxine

A

-stimulates replacement of cartilage in the epiphyseal plates of long bones with bone tissue

32
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

-stimulates an increase in the number and activity of osteoclasts

33
Q

hematopoiesis

A
  • The process of blood cell formation, which regis in the yolk sac outside of the embryo
  • Areas where blood cells are produced: bone marrow, liver (fetal development), spleen (fetal dev.), and yolk sack (fetal dev.)
34
Q

red marrow

A
  • red blood cells(erythrocytes)
  • white blood cells(leukocytes)
  • blood platelets form
35
Q

yellow marrow

A
  • stores fat

- does not produce blood cells

36
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • Located in the neck between the lower jaw and larynx.
  • It doesn’t articulate with any other bones but is fixed in position by muscles and ligaments.
  • supports the tongue and is an attachment for certain muscles that help move the tongue during swallowing
37
Q

malleus

A
  • An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
  • The tympanic membrane vibrates the malleus which vibrates the incus
38
Q

incus

A
  • An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
  • Pases the vibration on to the stapes
39
Q

stapes

A
  • An auditory ossicle which are attached to the wall of the tympanic cavity by tiny ligaments and are covered by mucous membrane
  • this vibration its like piston at the oval window and transfers the vibrations to a fluid within the inner ear
40
Q

deltoid tuberosity

A
  • A rough V shaped area near the middle of the humerus’s bony shaft on the lateral side
41
Q

fovea capitis

A
  • Found on the head of the femur its a pit that marks the attachment of a ligament
42
Q

ischial spine

A
  • A sharp projection located above the ischial tuberosity, near the junction of the ilium and ischium
43
Q

manubrium

A
  • One of the three parts of the sternum. It articulates with the clavicles
44
Q

mandibular fossa

A
  • Depressions found in the internal ear structures housed in the temporal bone.
45
Q

internal & external meatuses

A
  • Internal is located on the floor of the cranial cavity in the temporal bone. Branches of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves and blood vessels (7&8).
  • External is located near the inferior margin which leads inward to parts of the ear.
46
Q

supraorbital & infraorbital foramina

A
  • Supra is in the frontal bone and has blood vessels and nerves that pass to the tissues in the forehead.
  • Infra is located below the orbit in the maxillary bone. Infraorbital blood vessels and nerves pass through it.
47
Q

occipital condyles

A
  • Located on each side of the foramen magnum, it articulates with the first vertebra(atlas).
48
Q

coronoid process of mandible

A
  • Provides attachments for muscles used in chewing.
49
Q

mandibular fossa

A
  • Location: Near point of jaw in mandible

- Major structures: Mental nerve and blood vessels

50
Q

sesamoid bones

A
  • A special type of short bone. Usually small and nodular and embedded in a tendon adjacent to a joint, where the tendon is compressed. The patella is a sesamoid bone.
51
Q

wormian bones

A
  • extra bones found in sutures
52
Q

coccyx

A
  • the lowest part of the vertebral column and is usually composed of four vertebrae that fuse between the ages of twenty-five and thirty
53
Q

capitulum

A
  • One of the two smooth condyles on the humerus and is on the lateral side
54
Q

trochlea

A
  • One of the two smooth condyles on the humerus it is on the medial side and is shaped like a pulley.
55
Q

acromegaly

A
  • The secretion of excess growth hormone, in which hands, feet, and jaw enlarge.
56
Q

long bones

A

-Long bones: longitudinal axes and expanded ends. Humerus and Femur bones.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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