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Biology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molecules with 2 ends are

A

Polar

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2
Q

Triglycerides made up of

A

3 fatty acids and one glycerol

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3
Q

What does a hydrolysis and condensation reaction produce

A

Condensation = forms bonds, so forms the triglyceride lipid
Hydrolysis = breaksbonds, forms glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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4
Q

Saturated

A

No double carbon bonds

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5
Q

What bonds do fatty acids form

A

Ester bonds

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6
Q

Mono-saturated

A

1 double bond

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7
Q

What group are lipids

A

COOH group

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8
Q

Role of lipids

A

Source of energy
Waterproofing (plants and insects)
Insulation
Protection

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9
Q

Hydrophilic head

A

Attracted to water and not fat

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10
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

More than 1 double bond

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11
Q

Reaction called that forms bonds

A

Condensation

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12
Q

Fatty acid molecules vs phosphate molecules

A

Fatty acid = repel water, hydrophobic
Phosphate molecules = attract water, hydrophilic

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13
Q

Main groups of lipids

A

Triglycerides

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14
Q

Test for lipids

A

1) Add 2cm3 to 5cm3 ethanol in test tube
2) Shake to dissolve lipid
3) Add 5cm3 of water and shake
4) Cloudy white = presence of lipid

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15
Q

Lipids contain

A

Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen

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16
Q

What chains do lipids have

A

Hydrocarbon

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17
Q

Hydrophobic tail

A

Orients itself away fro water, mixes with fat

18
Q

Phospholipids structure

A

2 fatty acids
1 phosphate molecule
1 glycerol

19
Q

What are the two groups of lipids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids

20
Q

How are triglycerides formed

A

Condensation of one molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acid

21
Q

Is the R group saturated or unsaturated

A

Can be either

22
Q

What is the difference between phospholipids and triglycerides

A

One fatty acid of the triglyceride is substituted for a phosphate-containing group

23
Q

Are triglycerides polar

A

Non polar
Hydro[hobic

24
Q

How can fatty acids vary

A

Length of R group (hydrocarbon chain)
Saturated or unsaturated R group (hydrocarbon chain)

25
Q

Are unsaturated fatty acids mono or polyunsaturated

A

Can be either
Cis-fatty acids = H atom on one side of double bond (COOH)
Trans-fatty acids = H atom on both double bond (CHCH)

26
Q

What process forms triglycerides

A

Esterification

27
Q

Triglycerides formation reaction

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
Releasing 3H2O during condenation reaction
Both between glycerol and fatty acid forms (esterification) triglycerides

28
Q

How are triglycerides energy storages

A

Oxidised during respiration causing bonds to break and release atp
Hydrophobic, dont cause osmotic water uptake = plants form oils in seeds and fruits, mammals store as oil droplets in tissues

29
Q

How are triglycerides insulation molecules

A

Part of myelin sheath that surrounds nerve fibres
Increases speed of transmission
Compose part of adipose tissue layer below skin (insulator against heat loss)

30
Q

Buoyancy

A

Low density of fat tissue increases ability of animals to float more easily

31
Q

Protection

A

Adipose tissue contains triglycerides
Protect organs from risk of damage

32
Q

WHat are phospholipids major role

A

Component of cell surface membranes

33
Q

Describe phospholipids structure

A

Two fatty acids attached to phosphate and glycerol all linked with glycosidic bond

34
Q

Word used to describe phospholipids

A

Amphipathic (both hydrophobic and hydrophilic)

35
Q

What are the roles of phospholipids

A

Make bilayer of cell membranes
Barrie to water
COmposition helps fluidity of membrane (many tails less fluid)
Control membrane protein orientation (holds proteins together with hydrophobic interactions but still allows movement within the layer)
Water cant enter easily, controls what substances enter and leave

36
Q

Test name for lipids

A

Emulsion test

37
Q

Why do lipids produce a cloudy soluton with ethanol

A

Non polar so dont dissolve in water but will dissolve in ethanol

38
Q

Roles of triglycerides

A

Energy storage:
-long hydrocarbon tails contain lots of energy released when fatty acids are broken down
-insoluble so dont affect water potential inside the cell
-insoluble droplets so water molecules cannot pass through

39
Q

WHy are triglycerides goos storage compounds

A

Insoluble
Contain many bonds that release energy when broken

40
Q

What are unsaturated fatty acids

A

Long hydrocarbon chains
With a carboxylic acid with a terminal carboxylic group
Contains double bonds between carbons

Biology (57 decks)

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