ATP Flashcards
When is energy required in animals
Muscle contraction
Nerve impulses
Active transport
ATP definition
Energy-carrying molecule that provides the energy to rdrive many processes inside living cells
What type of nucleotide is ATP
Phosphorylated nucleotide
What are the three tpyes of adenosine products
One phosphate + adonesine = adenosine monophosphate AMP
Two phosphates = adenosine diphospahte ADP
Three phosphates = adenosine triphosphate ATP
Why is ATP described as universal energy currency
Universal = used in all organisms
Currency = reused countless times
Why is ATPs structure beneficial
Hydrolysis = quick and easily carried wherever energy required within the cell by ATPase
Quantity is small so not wasted and gives cell control over what processes occur
Stable at diff pH levels
Hydrolysis of ATP
ATP hydrolysed to ADP and inorganic phosphate
Catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase called ATPase
How is the hydrolysis of ATP used
Active transport of ions up a concentration gradient
Enzyme controlled reactions that require energy
Muscle contraction and muscle fibre movement
Benefit of atp being stable
Doesnt break down unless ATPase is present so energy isnt wasted
Releases small amount of energy
Enough energy for important metbaolic reactions
Keeps energy wastage low
Quick and easy hydrolysis
Helps in regulation
Can be recycled
Breakdown of ATP is reversible
ATP reformed from ADP and Pi
Mean same molecule can be reused elsewhere in cell for different reactions
Hydrolysis is quick
Allows cells to repond to sudden increase in energy demand
Soluble and moves easily within cells
Transport energy to different areas of the cell
Forms phosphorylated intermediate
Make metabolites more reactive and lower activation energy reaquired for a reaction
How is atp formed
Comine adp with inorganic phosphate using ATP synthaase
Water is released as waste and is an energy-requiring reaction
