Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Question 1

Nuclear envelope

Answer 1

Double membrane that surrounds nucleus
Controls what enters and exits cell

Question 2

Nuclear pores

Answer 2

Allow passage of large molecules

Question 3

Nucleoplasm

Answer 3

Makes up bulk of nucleus

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Protein bound linear dna

Question 5

Nucleolus

Answer 5

Manufactures ribosomal RNA

Question 6

Cristae

Answer 6

Provides large SA for attachment of enzymes and other proteins in respiration

Question 7

Matrix

Answer 7

Contains proteins, lipids, ribosomes and DNA to allow production of proteins
Where enzymes respire

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Site of aerobic respiration

Question 9

Chloroplast envelope

Answer 9

Double plasma membrane
Allows substances to enter and exit cell

Question 10

The grana

Answer 10

Stacks of thylakoids
Contain chlorophyll
Where light absorption for photosynthesis takes place

Question 11

The stroma

Answer 11

Synthesis of sugars in photosynthesis takes place

Question 12

How are chloroplasts adapted for their functions

Answer 12

Granal membrane = large SA for attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes
Fluid of stroma = possesses sugars needed for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts = contain DNA and ribosomes for photosynthesis

Question 13

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

Ribosomes present
Large SA for synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins
Provide pathway for transport of materials

Question 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 14

Lacks ribosomes
Synthesis store and transport of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 15

What is a golgi apparatus made up of

Answer 15

Stack of membranes with vesicles

Question 16

Functions of golgi apparatus

Answer 16

Add carbohydrate to proteins to for glycoproteins
Produce secretory enzymes
Secrete carbohydrates
Transport, modify and store lipids
Form lysosomes

Question 17

Functions of lysosomes

Answer 17

Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells
Release enzymes to outside cell in order to destroy material around cell
Digest worn out organelles so that the useful chemicals can be re-used
Break down dead cells

Question 18

2 types of ribosomes and where they are found

Answer 18

80S = eukaryotic cells
70S = prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 19

Cell wall features

Answer 19

Consist of a number of polysaccharides
Middle lamella marks boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements adjacent cells together

Question 20

Functions of cellulose cell wall

Answer 20

Strength
Prevent cell bursting due to osmosis
Give mechanical strength to plant
Allow water to pass along it and contribute to movement of water through plant

Question 21

Vacuoles functions

Answer 21

Support plants by making cells turgid
Sugars and amino acids act as temporary food store
Pigments to colour petals