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ANATOMY > Limbs 3 > Flashcards

Limbs 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main regions of the lower limb

A
  • The gluteal region - buttock/hip
  • The free lower limb - thigh,leg,foot
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2
Q

What is not homologous about the lower limbs and the upper limbs?

A

The movements at the lower and upper limb are opposites
Upper limb flexion is in the opposite direction to lower limb flexion

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3
Q

Why are movements of the upper and lower limb opposite? and how does this affect the anatomy of lower limb muscles and dermatomes?

A
  • Permanent pronation (internal rotation) at upper thigh level between weeks 7 and 8 of development
  • Flexors now posterior and extensors anterior
  • Dermatomes are distorted and have oblique fields
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4
Q

What is the difference in postitioning of the thumb and the big toe?

A

THumb is lateral and Big toe is medial

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5
Q

Name 1-5 on this diagram

A

1) Pelvic girdle
2) Patella
3) Tibia and Fibula
4) Femur
5) Tarsals, Metatarsals and Phalanges

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6
Q

How are the hip bones articulated to the pelvic girdle?

A
  • Articulate posteriorly with the spinal sacrum at the sacroiliac joint
  • Articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis
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7
Q

Which 3 bones is the hip bone formed from?

A
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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8
Q

What is the triradiate cartilage?

A

Cartilage which joins the ilium ischium and pubis before the bones start to fuse at the age of 15.

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9
Q

Name 1-4

A

1) Anterior superior iliac spine
2) Anterior inferior iliac spine
3) Pubic tubercle
4) Ischial spine

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10
Q

Name 5-8

A

5) Ischial tuberosity
6) Obturator foramen
7) Acetabulum
8) Articular surface for sacrum

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11
Q

Label this diagram

A

SRP - Superior ramus of pubis
IRP - inferior ramus of pubis
RI - ramus of ischium
BI - body of ischium
OF - obturator foramen

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12
Q

What is the connective tissue which covers the obturator foramen called?

A

Obturator membrane

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13
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

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14
Q

What feature of the femur allows a greater range of movement?

A

Narrow neck of femur

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15
Q

Which of the tibia and fibula is weightbearing?

A

Tibia

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16
Q

How does the tibia articulate distally to the foot?

A

Articulates with the talus in the foot

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17
Q

What is the importance of the lateral malleoulus in terms of the ankle joint?

A

Forms lateral wall of ankle joint

18
Q

How are the shafts of the tibia and fibula connected

A

Interosseus membrane

19
Q

What are the 3 parts of the tibial plateau?

A
  • Lateral condyle
  • Medial condyle
  • Intercondylar tubercles of intercondylar eminence
20
Q

What are the 3 different arches of the foot and which planes are they in?

A
  • Medial Longitudinal arch - Proximal distal axis
  • Lateral longitudinal arch - Proximal distal axis
  • Transverse arch - Medial lateral axis
21
Q

What is the purpose of the arches in the foot?

A

Distribute body weight and stiffen foot but allows flexibility and energy efficiency in walking and running

22
Q

Name the joints of 1-3 and name the type of joint

A

1) Hip joint - ball and socket joint
2) Knee joint - Synovial hinge joint
3) Proximal tibiofibular joint - Plane synovial joint

23
Q

Name the joints of 4-6 and name the type of joint

A

4) Toe joints (not official name) - mainly synovial
5) Sacroiliac joint - Synovial joint
6) Pubic symphysis - fibrocartilaginous joint

24
Q

Name the joints of 7-9 and name the type of joint

A

7) Patello-femoral joint - gliding synovial joint
8) Distal tibiofibular joint - Fibroua joint
9) Ankle joint - Synovial hinge joint

25
Q

What are the movements of the hip?

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Abduction and adduction
  • Circumduction
  • Internal and external rotation
26
Q

What are parts 1 and 2 of the acetabulum called?

A

1) Acetabular fossa
2) Acetabular notch

27
Q

What connective tissue structures complete the acetabular notch and fill the acetabular fossa

A

Acetabular fossa - Fibro- fatty tissue
Acetabular notch - Transverse acetabular ligament

look at and learn diagram

28
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Ilio-femoral ligament
  • Pubo-femoral ligament
  • Ischio-femoral ligament
29
Q

Posterior view of the ischiofemoral ligament

A
30
Q

How does the arrangement of the 3 main ligaments of the hip control moovement

A

The arrangement allows them to wind around each other bringing their attahed structures closer to each other

31
Q

What are the movements of the knee joint

A
  • Flexion and extension
  • Gliding
  • Rolling
  • Limited rotation
32
Q

What are the 2 pairs of ligaments which stabilise the knee joint?

A
  • Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
  • Medial and lateral collateral ligaments
33
Q

What are the cartilages between the lateral/ medial femoral and tibial condyles

A
  • Lateral and medial menisci (meniscus)
34
Q

pay attention to the position of the bursa for naming

Label this diagram of the bursae in the knee

A

1) Suprapatellar bursa
2) Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
3) Subtendinous prepatellar bursa
4) Deep infrapatellar bursa
5) Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa

35
Q

What condition is this?

A

Prepatellar bursitis

36
Q

What are the movements of the ankle joint?

A

Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion

37
Q

What joints does inversion and eversion of the foot occur?

A

Sub-talar and transverse tarsal joints

38
Q

Label this diagram of the medial ligaments of the ankle joint

A

1) Tibiocalcaneal part
2) Tibionavicular part
3) Anterior tibiotalar part
4) Posterior tibiotalar part

39
Q

Label this diagram of lateral ligaments of the ankle joint

A

1) Posterior talofibular ligament
2) Calcaneofibular ligament
3) Anterior talofibular ligament

40
Q

Which of the medial and lateral ligaments of the ankle joint more commonly injured

A

Lateral ligaments commonly stretched and torn in sprains

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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