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ANATOMY > Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Muscular wall of the abdomen

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2
Q

What is the role of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

1) Protect the viscera within the abdomen
2) Serve as accessory muscles for respiration
3) Compress the abdominal contents to increase intra-abdominal pressure during coughing, sneezing, defecation and parturition
4) Provide movement of the trunk

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3
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages

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4
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

Pubic crest

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5
Q

What are the bands of tendon that divide the rectus abdominis called?

A

Tendinous intersections

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6
Q

How many tendinous intersections are there in the rectus abdominis?

A

3-4

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7
Q

What is the action of the rectus muscles?

A
  • Produce flexion of the lumbar spine
  • Keep the lumbar spine straight when gravity would extend it
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8
Q

What group of muscles do the rectus muscles work in opposition with?

A

The erector spinae muscles

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9
Q

What structure encloses the rectus abdominis

A

A tendinous envelope that is formed buy the aponeuroses of the 3 flat muscles. The aponeuroses are called:
- The posterior rectus sheath
- The anterior rectus sheath

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10
Q

Where does the anterior rectus sheath extend to and from?

A

From the costal margin to the pubis

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11
Q

What part of the rectus abdominis does the anterior rectus sheath bind to?

A

The tendinous intersections

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12
Q

Where do the posterior and anterior rectus sheaths insert into?

A

Linea Alba
Dense midline band of tendinous tissue

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13
Q

Where does the linea alba extend to and from

A

From the xiphoid process to the pubis

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14
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram

A

Rectus abdominis muscle

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15
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram

A

Linea Alba

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16
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

At the top: Inner aspect of the costal margin, from the 6th-12th rib
Between the 12th rib and the ileum: Edge of the thoracolumbar fascia
Below: Inner aspect of the iliac crest

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17
Q

Where do the muscle fibres of the transversus abdominis end?

A

The transversus aponeurosis

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18
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscle?

A

The thoracolumbar fascia and the iliac crest

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19
Q

How do the lowest fibres of the internal oblique muscles arise?

A

From a thickening of the iliopsoas fascia

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Highest fibres: Ribs 10,11 and 12
Other fibres: Internal oblique aponeurosis

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21
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique muscle?

A

Posterior: 12TH-10TH rib
Anterior: 9th to the 5th rib
- The zig zag line of the origin complements that of the serratus anterior.

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the anterior part of the external oblique muscle?

A

The external oblique aponeurosis

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23
Q

What structures join together to form the anterior rectus sheath?

A

The external oblique, internal oblique and transversus aponeuroses

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24
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

The free lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis

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25
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior part of the external oblique muscle?

A

Inserts in the anterior part of the iliac crest

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26
Q

What are the 3 flat muscles?

A
  • Transversus abdominis
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
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27
Q

What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique muscle?

A

External inferior borders of ribs 5-12

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28
Q

What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique muscle?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior half of iliac crest

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29
Q

What is the action of external abdominal oblique muscle?

A

Flexes and rotates trunk
Compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures

30
Q

What nerves innervate the external abdominal oblique muscle?

A

Anterior rami of T7-T12

31
Q

What is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?

A
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Iliac crest
  • Inguinal ligament
32
Q

What is the insertion of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?

A

Inferior margins of 10th-12th ribs and adjacent

33
Q

What is the action of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Flexes and rotates trunk
Compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures

34
Q

What is the innervation of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Anterior rami of 7-12th thoracic nerves

35
Q

What is the action of the oblique muscles when they contract individually?

A

Lateral flexion of the spine
Rotation of the thoracic spine

36
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament extend to and from?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

37
Q

What passes through the gap between the inguinal ligament and the bone?

A

MEDIALLY: Femoral vein, artery and nerve
LATERALLY: The belly of the psoas and iliacus muscles

38
Q

What is the lacunar ligament?

A

Where the lowest fibres of the inguinal ligament form a triangular extension

39
Q

Where does the lacunar ligament insert?

A

The pecten

40
Q

Where is the conjoint tendon attached?

A

The pubic crest + pecten

41
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

The opening in the external oblique aponeurosis

42
Q

What structure passes through the inguinal canal in males and females?

A

Males: spermatic cord
Females: the round ligament of the uterus

43
Q

Where is the inguinal ligament?

A
  • The longest part of the external oblique aponeurosis.
  • Laterally it is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine
  • Medially its attached to the pubic tubercle
44
Q

Where do the inferior and superior crus of the superficial inguinal ring attach to?

A

The pubic tubercle and the pubic crest respectively

45
Q

Name number 2 on the diagram?

A

Posterior layer of the rectus sheath

46
Q

Name number 3 on the diagram?

A

Transverse abdominal muscle

47
Q

Name number 4 on the diagram?

A

Arcuate line

48
Q

Name number 6 on the diagram?

A

Inguinal ligament

49
Q

What are the 4 pairs of muscles in the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Psoas major, Psoas minor, Iliacus and quadratus lumborum

50
Q

What vertebrae do the 4 pairs of muscles in the posterior abdominal wall surround

A

The 5 lumbar vertebrae which run down the midline of the posterior abdominal wall

51
Q

Which muscles form the iliopsoas muscle group?

A

Psoas major and the iliacus muscles

52
Q

Which structure do the iliopsoas muscles pass through and where do they attach?

A

They pass underneath the inguinal ligament and attach to the femur.

53
Q

What is the action of the iliopsoas muscles?

A

They are the main flexors of the hip joint

54
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A
  • Inferior border of 12th rib
  • Transverse processes of 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae
55
Q

What is the origin of the QL muscle?

A

Posterior half of iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

56
Q

What is the action of the QL muscle?

A
  • Extends and laterally flexes trunk
  • Stabilises 12th rib during inspiration
57
Q

What nerves innervate the QL muscle?

A

Anterior rami of the 12th thoracic and 1st - 4th lumbar nerves

58
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?

A

Transverse processes of L1-5
Vertebral bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae and Adjacent intervertebral discs

59
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major muscle?

A

Lesser trochanter of femur

60
Q

What is the action of the psoas major muscle?

A
  • Flexes thigh at hip joint
  • Flexes trunk
61
Q

What nerves innervate the psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of 1st-3rd lumbar nerves

62
Q

What is the origin of the iliacus muscle

A

Iliac crest: Upper two-thirds of iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum

63
Q

What is the insertion of the iliacus muscle?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

64
Q

What nerves innervate the iliacus muscle?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

65
Q

What is the action of the iliacus muscle?

A
  • Flexes thigh at hip joint
  • Flexes trunk
66
Q

What is the origin of the Psoas minor?

A
  • Vertebral bodies of T12-L1
  • Adjacent intervertebral discs
67
Q

What is the insertion of the Psoas minor

A

Iliopectineal eminence
Pecten pubis of hip bone

68
Q

What is the action of the Psoas minor muscle?

A

Assists in flexion of trunk

69
Q

What nerves innervate the Psoas minor muscle?

A

Anterior ramus of L1

70
Q
A

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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