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ANATOMY > Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 1 > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Muscular wall of the abdomen

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2
Q

What is the role of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

1) Protect the viscera within the abdomen
2) Serve as accessory muscles for respiration
3) Compress the abdominal contents to increase intra-abdominal pressure during coughing, sneezing, defecation and parturition
4) Provide movement of the trunk

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3
Q

What is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilages

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4
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

Pubic crest

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5
Q

What are the bands of tendon that divide the rectus abdominis called?

A

Tendinous intersections

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6
Q

How many tendinous intersections are there in the rectus abdominis?

A

3-4

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7
Q

What is the action of the rectus muscles?

A
  • Produce flexion of the lumbar spine
  • Keep the lumbar spine straight when gravity would extend it
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8
Q

What group of muscles do the rectus muscles work in opposition with?

A

The erector spinae muscles

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9
Q

What structure encloses the rectus abdominis

A

A tendinous envelope that is formed buy the aponeuroses of the 3 flat muscles. The aponeuroses are called:
- The posterior rectus sheath
- The anterior rectus sheath

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10
Q

Where does the anterior rectus sheath extend to and from?

A

From the costal margin to the pubis

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11
Q

What part of the rectus abdominis does the anterior rectus sheath bind to?

A

The tendinous intersections

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12
Q

Where do the posterior and anterior rectus sheaths insert into?

A

Linea Alba
Dense midline band of tendinous tissue

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13
Q

Where does the linea alba extend to and from

A

From the xiphoid process to the pubis

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14
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram

A

Rectus abdominis muscle

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15
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram

A

Linea Alba

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16
Q

What is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

At the top: Inner aspect of the costal margin, from the 6th-12th rib
Between the 12th rib and the ileum: Edge of the thoracolumbar fascia
Below: Inner aspect of the iliac crest

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17
Q

Where do the muscle fibres of the transversus abdominis end?

A

The transversus aponeurosis

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18
Q

What is the origin of the internal oblique muscle?

A

The thoracolumbar fascia and the iliac crest

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19
Q

How do the lowest fibres of the internal oblique muscles arise?

A

From a thickening of the iliopsoas fascia

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique muscle?

A

Highest fibres: Ribs 10,11 and 12
Other fibres: Internal oblique aponeurosis

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21
Q

What is the origin of the external oblique muscle?

A

Posterior: 12TH-10TH rib
Anterior: 9th to the 5th rib
- The zig zag line of the origin complements that of the serratus anterior.

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the anterior part of the external oblique muscle?

A

The external oblique aponeurosis

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23
Q

What structures join together to form the anterior rectus sheath?

A

The external oblique, internal oblique and transversus aponeuroses

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24
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

The free lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis

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25
What is the insertion of the posterior part of the external oblique muscle?
Inserts in the anterior part of the iliac crest
26
What are the 3 flat muscles?
- Transversus abdominis - External oblique - Internal oblique
27
What is the origin of the external abdominal oblique muscle?
External inferior borders of ribs 5-12
28
What is the insertion of the external abdominal oblique muscle?
Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior half of iliac crest
29
What is the action of external abdominal oblique muscle?
Flexes and rotates trunk Compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures
30
What nerves innervate the external abdominal oblique muscle?
Anterior rami of T7-T12
31
What is the origin of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?
- Thoracolumbar fascia - Iliac crest - Inguinal ligament
32
What is the insertion of the internal abdominal oblique muscle?
Inferior margins of 10th-12th ribs and adjacent
33
What is the action of the internal oblique muscle?
Flexes and rotates trunk Compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures
34
What is the innervation of the internal oblique muscle?
Anterior rami of 7-12th thoracic nerves
35
What is the action of the oblique muscles when they contract individually?
Lateral flexion of the spine Rotation of the thoracic spine
36
Where does the inguinal ligament extend to and from?
Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
37
What passes through the gap between the inguinal ligament and the bone?
MEDIALLY: Femoral vein, artery and nerve LATERALLY: The belly of the psoas and iliacus muscles
38
What is the lacunar ligament?
Where the lowest fibres of the inguinal ligament form a triangular extension
39
Where does the lacunar ligament insert?
The pecten
40
Where is the conjoint tendon attached?
The pubic crest + pecten
41
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
The opening in the external oblique aponeurosis
42
What structure passes through the inguinal canal in males and females?
Males: spermatic cord Females: the round ligament of the uterus
43
Where is the inguinal ligament?
- The longest part of the external oblique aponeurosis. - Laterally it is attached to the anterior superior iliac spine - Medially its attached to the pubic tubercle
44
Where do the inferior and superior crus of the superficial inguinal ring attach to?
The pubic tubercle and the pubic crest respectively
45
Name number 2 on the diagram?
Posterior layer of the rectus sheath
46
Name number 3 on the diagram?
Transverse abdominal muscle
47
Name number 4 on the diagram?
Arcuate line
48
Name number 6 on the diagram?
Inguinal ligament
49
What are the 4 pairs of muscles in the posterior abdominal wall?
Psoas major, Psoas minor, Iliacus and quadratus lumborum
50
What vertebrae do the 4 pairs of muscles in the posterior abdominal wall surround
The 5 lumbar vertebrae which run down the midline of the posterior abdominal wall
51
Which muscles form the iliopsoas muscle group?
Psoas major and the iliacus muscles
52
Which structure do the iliopsoas muscles pass through and where do they attach?
They pass underneath the inguinal ligament and attach to the femur.
53
What is the action of the iliopsoas muscles?
They are the main flexors of the hip joint
54
What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle?
- Inferior border of 12th rib - Transverse processes of 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae
55
What is the origin of the QL muscle?
Posterior half of iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
56
What is the action of the QL muscle?
- Extends and laterally flexes trunk - Stabilises 12th rib during inspiration
57
What nerves innervate the QL muscle?
Anterior rami of the 12th thoracic and 1st - 4th lumbar nerves
58
What is the origin of the psoas major muscle?
Transverse processes of L1-5 Vertebral bodies of T12-L5 vertebrae and Adjacent intervertebral discs
59
What is the insertion of the psoas major muscle?
Lesser trochanter of femur
60
What is the action of the psoas major muscle?
- Flexes thigh at hip joint - Flexes trunk
61
What nerves innervate the psoas major?
Anterior rami of 1st-3rd lumbar nerves
62
What is the origin of the iliacus muscle
Iliac crest: Upper two-thirds of iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum
63
What is the insertion of the iliacus muscle?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
64
What nerves innervate the iliacus muscle?
Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
65
What is the action of the iliacus muscle?
- Flexes thigh at hip joint - Flexes trunk
66
What is the origin of the Psoas minor?
- Vertebral bodies of T12-L1 - Adjacent intervertebral discs
67
What is the insertion of the Psoas minor
Iliopectineal eminence Pecten pubis of hip bone
68
What is the action of the Psoas minor muscle?
Assists in flexion of trunk
69
What nerves innervate the Psoas minor muscle?
Anterior ramus of L1
70

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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