Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the kidneys positioned?

A

Kidneys are retroperitoneal in the posterior abdominal region

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2
Q

Where does the right kidney lie relative to the left kidney?

A

Right kidney sits slightly lower than the left one, which helps to make space to accommodate the large size of the liver located on that side of abdomen

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3
Q

Describe the arrangement of fascia and fat surrounding the kidneys

A
  • Immediately outside the renal capsule the perinephric fat completely surrounds the kidney
  • Enclosing the perinephric fat is the renal fascia
  • A final layer of paranephric fat completes the fat and fascias associated with the kidney
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4
Q

What is the surface of the kidney like?

A

Each kidney has a smooth anterior and posterior surface covered by a fibrous capsule, which is easily removable except during disease.

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5
Q

What is the position of the kidneys relative to other organs - ANTERIORLY

A
  • Positioned superior to both kidneys are the suprarenal glands
  • Anterior to the left kidney is the spleen, stomach, pancreas, left colic flexure and jejunum,
  • Anterior to the right kidney lie, the liver, duodenum, right colic flexure and ascending colon.
    -The right kidney and liver are separated by the hepatorenal recess, also known as Morisons pouch.
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6
Q

What is the position of the kidneys relative to other organs - POSTERIORLY

A

Posteriorly, both kidneys are associated with the:
- diaphragm
- psoas major
- quadratus lumborum
- transversus abdominismuscles,
- subcostal nerveand vessels,
- iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.

  • The left kidney is also posteriorly associated with the 11th and 12thribs, while the right is mainly associated with the 12thrib.
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7
Q

What structure is number 1

A

Renal capsule

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8
Q

What structure is number 2

A

Fat body of renal sinus

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9
Q

What structure is number 1

A

Minor calyx

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10
Q

What structure is number 2

A

Major calyx

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11
Q

What structure is number 3

A

Renal pelvis

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12
Q

What structure is number 1

A

Interlobar artery of kidney

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13
Q

What structure is number 2

A

Interlobar vein of kidney

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14
Q

What structure is number 3

A

Renal artery

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15
Q

What structure is number 4

A

Renal vein

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16
Q

What structure is number 5

A

Inferior segmental artery of kidney

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17
Q

What structure is number 1

A

Renal cortex

18
Q

What structure is number 2

A

Renal pyramid

19
Q

What structure is number 3

A

Renal papilla

20
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of each kidney

A

The lymphatic drainage of each kidney is to the lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes around the origin of the renal artery

21
Q

What are ureters?

A

The ureters are muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

22
Q

How is the ureter formed?

A

They are continuous superiorly with the renal pelvis, which is a funnel-shaped structure in the renal sinus. The renal pelvis is formed from a condensation of two or three major calices, which in turn are formed by the condensation of several minor calices. The minor calices surround a renal papilla.

23
Q

What is the name of the point where the renal pelvis becomes continuous with the ureter?

A

Ureteropelvic junction

24
Q

When the ureters descend to the bladder from the kidney, how many times do they constrict?

A

3

25
Q

Where are the 3 points at which the ureter constricts on its way to the bladder?

A

▪ The first point is at the ureteropelvic junction.
▪ The second point is where the ureters cross the common iliac vessels at the pelvic brim.
▪ The third point is where the ureters enter the wall of the bladder.

26
Q

Why are the 3 points at which the ureter constricts on its way to the bladder
clinically significant?

A

Kidney stones can become lodged at these constrictions

27
Q

Which arteries supply the upper end of the ureters

A

Renal arteries

28
Q

Which arteries supply the middle of the ureters

A
  • the abdominal aorta,
  • the testicular or ovarian arteries
  • the common iliac arteries
29
Q

Which arteries supply the part of the ureters in the pelvic cavity

A

one or more arteries from branches of the internal iliac arteries.

30
Q

Which lymph nodes do the upper end of the ureters drain into

A

lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes

31
Q

Which lymph nodes do the middle of the ureters drain into

A

lymph nodes associated with the common iliac vessels

32
Q

Which lymph nodes do the inferior part of the ureters drain into

A

lymph nodes associated with the external and internal iliac vessels

33
Q

Describe the position of the bladder

A

The bladder sits underneath the peritoneum which creates associated ‘pouches’ in the inferior peritoneal cavity.
- Most anterior organ in the pelvic cavity

34
Q

What are the names of the pouches created by the position of the bladder?

A

FEMALE: vesicouterine and rectouterine pouches
MALE: rectovesical pouch

35
Q

Describe the postition of the bladder when it is full (in relation to cavities)

A

it is entirely situated in the pelvic cavity when empty, it expands superiorly into the abdominal cavity when full

36
Q

What is the structure at number 1 ?

A

Left and right ureters

37
Q

What is the structure at number 2?

A

Urethra

38
Q

What is the structure at number 4?

A

Trigone

39
Q

What is the structure at number 5?

A

Neck of bladder

40
Q

What is the structure at number 6?

A

Sphincter urethrae muscle

41
Q

What is the difference between the male and female bladder?

A
42
Q
A