Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 3 Flashcards
Where are the kidneys positioned?
Kidneys are retroperitoneal in the posterior abdominal region
Where does the right kidney lie relative to the left kidney?
Right kidney sits slightly lower than the left one, which helps to make space to accommodate the large size of the liver located on that side of abdomen
Describe the arrangement of fascia and fat surrounding the kidneys
- Immediately outside the renal capsule the perinephric fat completely surrounds the kidney
- Enclosing the perinephric fat is the renal fascia
- A final layer of paranephric fat completes the fat and fascias associated with the kidney
What is the surface of the kidney like?
Each kidney has a smooth anterior and posterior surface covered by a fibrous capsule, which is easily removable except during disease.
What is the position of the kidneys relative to other organs - ANTERIORLY
- Positioned superior to both kidneys are the suprarenal glands
- Anterior to the left kidney is the spleen, stomach, pancreas, left colic flexure and jejunum,
- Anterior to the right kidney lie, the liver, duodenum, right colic flexure and ascending colon.
-The right kidney and liver are separated by the hepatorenal recess, also known as Morisons pouch.
What is the position of the kidneys relative to other organs - POSTERIORLY
Posteriorly, both kidneys are associated with the:
- diaphragm
- psoas major
- quadratus lumborum
- transversus abdominismuscles,
- subcostal nerveand vessels,
- iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.
- The left kidney is also posteriorly associated with the 11th and 12thribs, while the right is mainly associated with the 12thrib.
What structure is number 1
Renal capsule
What structure is number 2
Fat body of renal sinus
What structure is number 1
Minor calyx
What structure is number 2
Major calyx
What structure is number 3
Renal pelvis
What structure is number 1
Interlobar artery of kidney
What structure is number 2
Interlobar vein of kidney
What structure is number 3
Renal artery
What structure is number 4
Renal vein
What structure is number 5
Inferior segmental artery of kidney
What structure is number 1
Renal cortex
What structure is number 2
Renal pyramid
What structure is number 3
Renal papilla
Describe the lymphatic drainage of each kidney
The lymphatic drainage of each kidney is to the lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes around the origin of the renal artery
What are ureters?
The ureters are muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
How is the ureter formed?
They are continuous superiorly with the renal pelvis, which is a funnel-shaped structure in the renal sinus. The renal pelvis is formed from a condensation of two or three major calices, which in turn are formed by the condensation of several minor calices. The minor calices surround a renal papilla.
What is the name of the point where the renal pelvis becomes continuous with the ureter?
Ureteropelvic junction
When the ureters descend to the bladder from the kidney, how many times do they constrict?
3
Where are the 3 points at which the ureter constricts on its way to the bladder?
▪ The first point is at the ureteropelvic junction.
▪ The second point is where the ureters cross the common iliac vessels at the pelvic brim.
▪ The third point is where the ureters enter the wall of the bladder.
Why are the 3 points at which the ureter constricts on its way to the bladder
clinically significant?
Kidney stones can become lodged at these constrictions
Which arteries supply the upper end of the ureters
Renal arteries
Which arteries supply the middle of the ureters
- the abdominal aorta,
- the testicular or ovarian arteries
- the common iliac arteries
Which arteries supply the part of the ureters in the pelvic cavity
one or more arteries from branches of the internal iliac arteries.
Which lymph nodes do the upper end of the ureters drain into
lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes
Which lymph nodes do the middle of the ureters drain into
lymph nodes associated with the common iliac vessels
Which lymph nodes do the inferior part of the ureters drain into
lymph nodes associated with the external and internal iliac vessels
Describe the position of the bladder
The bladder sits underneath the peritoneum which creates associated ‘pouches’ in the inferior peritoneal cavity.
- Most anterior organ in the pelvic cavity
What are the names of the pouches created by the position of the bladder?
FEMALE: vesicouterine and rectouterine pouches
MALE: rectovesical pouch
Describe the postition of the bladder when it is full (in relation to cavities)
it is entirely situated in the pelvic cavity when empty, it expands superiorly into the abdominal cavity when full
What is the structure at number 1 ?
Left and right ureters
What is the structure at number 2?
Urethra
What is the structure at number 4?
Trigone
What is the structure at number 5?
Neck of bladder
What is the structure at number 6?
Sphincter urethrae muscle
What is the difference between the male and female bladder?
