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ANATOMY > Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 2 > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis and perineum 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the accessory organs of the GIT?

A

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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2
Q

What are accessory organs of the GIT ?

A

Organs that aid digestion

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3
Q

Where are the accessory organs of the GIT and spleen derived from?

A

Derived from the foregut part of the developing gut tube

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4
Q

What are the accessory organs of the GIT and spleen supplied by?

A

Branches of the coeliac trunk

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5
Q

What type of organ is the liver

A

Intraperitoneal organ

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6
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A
  • Clearance of harmful substances
  • Conversion of glucogen to glycogen to aid w/ storage
  • Production of bile
  • Transportation of bile to gallbladder
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7
Q

Where does the anterior border of the falciform ligament attach?

A

Anterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

Where does the posterior border of the falciform ligament attach?

A

Nowhere, it hangs free down to the umbilicus

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9
Q

What structure lies on the free border of the falciform ligament?

A

Ligamentum teres

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10
Q

What is the ligamentum teres?

A

Remnant of the umbilical vein

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11
Q

What structure does the ligamentum teres run through? And to where?

A

Runs through the hepatic notch and onto the underside of the liver

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12
Q

What structure does the falciform ligament become continous with at its attachment on the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligament

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13
Q

What ligament is shown here?

A
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14
Q

Which ligaments are shown here

A

Triangular ligements

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15
Q

What vessels enter and leave the porta hepatis?

A

Enter: Portal vein and hepatic artery
Leave: Hepatic ducts

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16
Q

What structure is this?

A

Hepatic notch

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17
Q

What structure is this?

A

Ligamentum teres

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18
Q

What structure is this?

A

Ligamentum venosum

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19
Q

Which structures is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

A
  • Umbilical vein
  • Ductus venosus
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20
Q

What structure is circled here?

A

Porta hepatis

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21
Q

What is the lobe shown here?

A

Quadrate lobe

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22
Q

What is the lobe shown here?

A

Caudate lobe

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23
Q

Which structure is shown in green here?

A

Hepatogastric ligament

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24
Q

What structure is the hepatogastric ligament a portion of?

A

The HL is the largest portion of the lesser omentum

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25
What structure is at number 3?
Left triangular ligament
26
What structure is at number 1?
Right triangular ligament
27
What structure is at number 2?
Coronary ligament
28
What structure is at number 1?
Gallbladder
29
What structure is at number 2?
Cystic duct
30
What structure is at number 3?
Ligamentum teres
31
What structure is at number 4?
Common hepatic duct
32
What structure is at number 5?
Proper hepatic artery
33
What structure is at number 6?
Ligamentum venosum
34
Name these surface markings on the visceral surface of the liver
1) Gastric impression 2) Esophageal impression 3) Colic impression 4) Renal impression 5) Bare area 6) Suprarenal impression
35
What type of organ is a gallbladder?
Intraperitoneal
36
What is the biliary tree?
The series of ducts which stem from the liver and gallbladder to move bile towards the duodenum
37
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Stores bile
38
What structure is at number 1?
Neck
39
What structure is at number 2?
Body
40
What structure is at number 3?
Fundus
41
What structure is at number 1?
CYSTIC DUCT
42
What is role of the cystic duct?
Allows bile from liver to enter gallbladder to be stored
43
What structure is at number 1?
Right hepatic duct
44
What structure is at number 2?
Left hepatic duct
45
What structure is at number 3?
Common hepatic duct
46
What structure is at number 4?
Bile duct
47
What happens at the major duodenal papilla?
The series of ducts via which the exocrine cells of the pancreas secrete their enzymes into the duodenum end at the duodenal papilla. Then the enzymes mix with the bile from the gallbladder here also.
48
What structure is formed when the pancreatic duct and bile duct join?
Hepatopancreatic duct
49
Where does the hepatopancreatic duct drain into?
Duodenum via the major duodenal papilla
50
What is the function of the minor duodenal papilla?
Point at which accessory pancreatic duct empties contents into duodenum - Not usually functional - usually embryological remnant or degraded as with accessory duct.
51
What structure is at number 1
Accessory pancreatic duct
52
What structure is at number 2
Pancreatic duct
53
What structure is at number 1?
Hepatopancreatic duct
54
What structure is at number 1?
Minor duodenal papilla
55
What structure is at number 2?
Major duodenal papilla
56
What type of organ is the pancreas?
Mostly retroperitoneal except for tail which is intraperitoneal
57
How does the pancreas being mostly retroperitoneal affect how pain is felt from it
Pain is usually a dull ache towards the middle of back
58
What structure is at number 1 ?
Neck of pancreas
59
What structure is at number 2 ?
Body of pancreas
60
What structure is at number 3?
Tail of pancreas
61
What structure is at number 4 ?
Ascending part of duodenum
62
What structure is at number 5 ?
Uncinate process of pancreas
63
What structure is at number 6 ?
Inferior part of duodenum
64
What structure is at number 7?
Descending part of duodenum
65
What structure is at number 8?
Head of pancreas
66
What structure is at number 9?
Superior part of duodenum
67
What are the roles of the spleen?
- Important in the immune system - Filters out red blood cells - Storage site for platelets
68
Where is the spleen situated?
- Behind the stomach in the left dome of the diaphragm - Anteriorly to ribs 9-11
69
What type of organ is the spleen?
Intraperitoneal
70
What types of surfaces does the spleen have?
Diaphragmatic and visceral
71
Which organs is visceral surface of the spleen in contact with?
- Stomach - Left kidney - Pancreatic tail
72
Where is the hilum of the spleen situated and which vessels enter/leave via the hilum?
- The hilum is situated at the spleens visceral surface - The splenic artery enters and the splenic vein leaves.
73
What is the structure at number 1?
Splenic artery
74
What structure is at number 2?
Splenic vein
75
What structure is at number 1?
Superior notched border of spleen
76
What structure is at number 3?
Renal surface
77
What structure is at number 2?
Gastric surface of spleen
78
Which major artery supplies the abdominal organs?
Abdominal aorta
79
When does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta?
As the TA passes through the diaphragm at T12
80
What are the three major branches of the abdominal aorta and what organs do they supply?
- Coeliac trunk - Superior mesenteric artery - Inferior mesenteric artery Supply: GIT and additional organs of the abdominal cavity
81
Where does the abdominal aorta end?
the level of the umbilicus at L4
82
What happens to the abdominal aorta at L4?
It bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries which supply the pelvis and lower limb
83
What are the three groups that the branches from the abdominal aorta can be divided into. NB. not the names of the branches, more like type of branch.
- Unpaired visceral - Paired visceral - Parietal
84
Where do the **unpaired visceral** branches of AA arise from and what organs do they supply?
Arise: Anterior aspect of the aorta Supply: Organs of the GIT and the accessory organs
85
Where do the **paired visceral** branches of AA arise from and what organs do they supply?
Arise: Lateral aspect of the aorta Supply: Adrenal glands, kidneys and gonads
86
Where do the **parietal** branches of AA arise from and what organs do they supply?
Arise: Posterolaterally Supply: Posterior abdominal wall musculoskeletal structure
87
What is the order of main arteries branching from the abdominal aorta? Superior to inferior (I C SEXY MEN REALLY GETTING IN LITTLE COOCHIES)
1) Inferior phrenic arteries (L+R) 2) Coeliac trunk 3) SMA 4) Middle adrenal arteries (L+R) 5) Renal arteries (L+R) 6) Gonadal arteries (L+R) 7) IMA 8) Lumbar arteries 9) Common iliac arteries (L+R)
88
What is the order of the types of branches of the abdominal aorta?
1. Parietal 2. Unpaired visceral 3. Unpaired visceral 4. Paired visceral 5. Paired visceral 6. Paired visceral 7. Unpaired visceral 8. Parietal 9. Bifurcation of aorta
89
What are the vertebral levels of the branches of the abdominal aorta in order?
1. T12 2. T12/L1 3. L1 4. L1 5. L1 (below SMA) 6. L1 7. L3 8. L1-L4 9. L4
90
What are the additional branches of the inferior phrenic arteries?
Superior suprarenal arteries (L+R)
91
What are the main branches of the coeliac trunk
- Left gastric artery - Splenic artery - Common hepatic artery
92
Draw diagram of coeliac trunk arteries
93
What is the clinical significance of the relationship between peptic ulcers and gastroduodenal artery?
The GD artery lies close to stomach and duodenum. Ulcers in these structures may erode through wall of these orgsans and rupture gastroduodenal artery causeing bleed into peritoneal cavity.
94
What type of structures does the SMA supply?
Midgut (from second part of duodenum to final 1/3 transverse colon) - Head of pancreas
95
96
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
- 1ST BRANCH: Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery - Jejunal - Ileal - Ileocolic - Right colic - Middle colic - Marginal artery
97
How do the jejunal and ileal arteries anastamose with each other and where do they lie?
* They give rise to arcades whihc anastamose with each other as back up * Lie within the mesentary of the small intestine
98
Which structure does the right colic artery supply?
Ascending colon
99
Which structure does the middle colic artery supply?
Transverse colon
100
How is the marginal artery formed?
- Middle colic anastamoses with branches from IMA at 'watershed area' (part of transverse colon supplied by both SMA and IMA) - The artery formed by the anastamoses is the marginal artery
101
Label
1. Middle colic 2. Right colic 3. Ileocolic 4. SMA 5. Jejunal and ileal
102
What are the additional branches of the renal arteries?
- Inferior suprarenal arteries (L+R) - Segmental arteries
103
What are the additional branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
- Sigmoid artery - Left colic artery - Superior rectal arteries
104
What are the additional branches of the common iliac arteries?
Internal and external iliac arteries (L+R)
105
Which artery is number 1?
Right nferior phrenic artery
106
Which artery is number 2?
Coeliac trunk
107
Which artery is number 4?
Right renal artery
108
Which artery is number 8?
Abdominal aorta
109
Which artery is number 9?
Third left lumbar artery
110
Which artery is number 5?
Superior mesenteric artery
111
Which artery is number 10?
Inferior mesenteric artery
112
Which artery is number 7?
Right common iliac artery
113
Which artery is number 6?
Right gonadal artery
114
Which artery is number 3?
Right Middle adrenal artery
115
Which artery is number 1?
Common hepatic artery
116
Which artery is number 2?
Left gastric artery
117
Which artery is number 3?
Splenic artery
118
Which branch of SMA is highlighted in orange here?
Middle colic artery
119
Which branch of SMA is highlighted in orange here?
Jejunal arteries
120
Which branch of SMA is highlighted in orange here?
Ileal arteries
121
Which branch of SMA is highlighted in orange here?
Ileocolic artery
122
Which branch of SMA is highlighted in orange here?
Right colic artery
123
Which branch of SMA is highlighted in orange here?
Marginal artery
124
Which branch of IMA is highlighted in orange here?
Left colic artery
125
Which branch of IMA is highlighted in orange here?
Marginal artery
126
Which branch of IMA is highlighted in orange here?
Sigmoid arteries
127
What are the 2 venous drainage pathways of the abdominal organs
- Portal venous system - System venous system
128
What is the role of the portal venous system?
PVS directs blood that has been drained from the GIT and associated organs to the liver to be processed before it enters back into general circulation. This is to ensure that toxins and other substances which need to be broken down by the liver are directed straight to the liver
129
From Which organs are blood not drained into PVS?
Kidneys Adrenal glands
130
How does the portal venous system work?
- Abdominal organs drain into their respective veins - This blood makes its way to the liver via a series of veins which join to form the hepatic portal vein - Portal vein drains into liver where blood is processed - Once processed, the liver drains the blood into the IVC where is returns to systemic circulation
131
The portal vein is formed by the confluence of which 3 major vessels?
- SMV - IMV - Splenic vein
132
What vein is number 1 here?
Middle colic vein
133
What vein is number 4 here?
Superior mesenteric vein
134
What vein is number 5 here?
Jejunal veins
135
What vein is number 5 here?
Jejunal veins
136
What vein is number 3 here?
Ileocolic vein
137
What vein is number 2 here?
Right colic vein
138
What vein is number 6 here?
Ileal veins
139
What vein is number 1 here?
Right gastric vein
140
What vein is number 2 here?
Hepatic portal vein
141
What vein is number 3 here?
Left gastric vein
142
What vein is number 1 here?
Splenic vein
143
What vein is number 2 here?
IMV
144
What vein is number 3 here?
Left colic vein
145
What vein is number 4 here?
sigmoid vein
146
What vein is number 1 here?
Hepatic veins
147
What vein is number 2 here?
IVC
148
What vein is number 3 here?
Right renal vein
149
What vein is number 4 here?
Right testicular vein
150
What vein is number 5 here?
Left common iliac vein
151
What vein is number 7 here?
Left testicular vein
152
What vein is number 8 here?
Left renal vein
153
What vein is number 6 here?
Left adrenal vein
154
Why is the venous drainage of the abdominal organs clinically relevant?
There are many sites where the portal venous system anastomoses with the systemic venous system therefore if there is a problem, blood from PVS can be diverted into SVS. - This can cause oesophageal varices, varicose veins of the anterior abdo wall and haemorrhoids in the rectum.
155
What type of lymph nodes does lypmh from abdo organs drain into?
Pre-aortic lymph nodes
156
Where are the pre-aortic lymph nodes of the abdomen located?
At the origins of the three anterior branches of the abdominal aorta i.e. coeliac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric
157
What are the names of the pre-aortic lymph nodes of the abdomen
coeliac superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric
158
Which structures drain into coeliac nodes
Foregut structures
159
Which structures drain into superior mesenteric nodes
Midgut structures
160
161
Which structures drain into inferior mesenteric nodes
Hindgut structures
162

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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