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ANATOMY > HNS-3 > Flashcards

HNS-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerve are the facial muscles innervated by

A

Branches of the facial nerve (CN7):
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical

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2
Q

Does the facial nerve innervate the parotid gland

A

NO

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3
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Synovial

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4
Q

What is the function of the TMJ

A

Moving mandible (jaw) up and down for mastication

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5
Q

How are the muscles of MASTICATION innervated?

A

by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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6
Q

What are the 4 main movements of the mandible

A
  • Protrusion
  • Retraction
  • Elevation
  • Depression
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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the temporalis muscle

A

ORIGIN: temporal fossa
INSERTION: Coronoid process of the mandible

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8
Q

What movements does the temporalis allow?

A

Elevation and retraction

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9
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter muscle

A

ORIGIN: zygomatic arch
INSERTION: Lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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10
Q

What movements does the masseter allow?

A

Elevates muscle ( involved in forced closure of the mouth)

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11
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid muscle

A

ORIGIN: Sphenoid bone
INSERTION: Neck of mandible

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12
Q

What movements does the LPtM allow

A

Depression and protraction (OPENING MOUTH)

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

ORIGIN: lateral pterygoid plate
INSERTION: angle of mandible

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14
Q

Whatt movements does the medial pterygoid muscle allow

A

Elevation
Protraction
Lateral movement (for chewing and grinding)

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15
Q

What is number 1 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle

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16
Q

What is number 2 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Corrugator supercilli muscle (for eyebrow)

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17
Q

What is number 3 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Palpebral part of the orbicularis oculi muscle

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18
Q

What is number 4a on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Transverse part of nasalis muscle

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19
Q

What is number 4b on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Alar part of the nasalis muscle

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20
Q

What is number 5 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Levator labii superioris alaeque muscle

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21
Q

What is number 6 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Levator labii superioris muscle

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22
Q

What is number 7 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Zygomaticus major muscle

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23
Q

What is number 8 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Levator anguli oris muscle

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24
Q

What is number 9 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Parotid duct

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25
Q

What is number 10 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Orbicularis oris muscle

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26
Q

What is number 11 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Masseter muscle

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27
Q

What is number 12 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Depressor anguli oris muscle

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28
Q

What is number 13 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Mentalis muscle

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29
Q

What is number 14 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

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30
Q

What is number 15 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Procerus

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31
Q

What is number 16 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Depressor supercilli muscle

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32
Q

What is number 17 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle

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33
Q

What is number 18 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Zygomaticus minor

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34
Q

What is number 19 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Buccinator muscle

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35
Q

What is number 20 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Risorius

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36
Q

What is number 21 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Depressor labii inferioris muscle

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37
Q

What is number 22 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Platysma muscle

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38
Q

What is number 23 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Galea aponeurotica

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39
Q

What is number 24 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Temporoparietalis muscle

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40
Q

What is number 25 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Occipital belly occipitofrontalis muscle

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41
Q

What is number 26 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Parotid gland w fascia

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42
Q

What is number 27 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Temporal fascia

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43
Q

What is number 28 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Orbicularis oculi muscle

44
Q

What is number 29 on this diagram of the facial muscles?

A

Parotid duct and masseter muscle

45
Q

What nerve innervates the uvula?

A

vagus nerve

46
Q

If there is a lesion in the vagus nerve what happens to the uvula?

A

It will deviate to the OPPOSITE side of the lesion
EG. if lesion is on the right the uvula will deviate to the left

47
Q

What is number 1 on this diagram of the mouth

A

Palatopharageal fold

48
Q

What is number 2 on this diagram of the mouth

A

Palatine tonsil

49
Q

What is number 3 on this diagram of the mouth

A

Palatoglossal fold

50
Q

What is number 4 on this diagram of the mouth

A

Posterior wall of oropharynx

51
Q

What is number 5 on this diagram of the mouth

52
Q

How does the tongue help to break food down

A

It pushes food onto the hard palate

53
Q

What are the three sets of muscles in the pharynx?

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors

54
Q

What nerves provide sensory info from the pharynx

A

The pharyngeal plexus:
- CN9 - Glossopharyngeal
- CN10 - Vagus

55
Q

What nerves provide motor innervation for the pharynx

A

CN10- Vagus (pharyngeal branch)
some from CN11-Accessory nerve

56
Q

How do the constrictors of the pharynx aid swallowing?

A

They contract sequentially from top to bottom to move a bolus of food through the pharynx

57
Q

What is number 1 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx

58
Q

What is number 2 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Oropharynx

59
Q

What is number 3 on this diagram of the ph

A

Laryngopharynx

60
Q

What is number 4 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Oesophagus

61
Q

What is number 5 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Soft palate

62
Q

What is number 6 on this diagram of the pharynx

63
Q

What is number 7 on this diagram of the pharynx

64
Q

What is number 8 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Epiglottis

65
Q

What is number 9 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Laryngeal inlet

66
Q

What is number 10 on this diagram of the pharynx

A

Piriform fossa

67
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Sublingual gland
68
Q

What type of saliva is produced by each salivary gland?

A

Parotid - serous
Submandibular - serous
Sublingual - Mucous

69
Q

Describe the passage of saliva from the parotid gland into the mouth?

A
  • Saliva exits the parotid glad via the parotid gland and enters mouth via the upper part of the mouth
70
Q

What nerve innervates the parotid gland?

A

CN9 - Glossopharyngeal

71
Q

What nerve innervates the submandibular gland?

A

CN7 - Facial nerve

72
Q

What nerve innervates the sublingual gland?

A

CN7 - Facial nerve

73
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles that control the movement of the tongue

A

CN12- Hypoglossal nerve

74
Q

If there is a lesion in a branch of the hypoglossal nerve what happens to the tongue?

A

The tongue will deviate towards the site of the lesion.
Eg. if there is a lesion on the right side the tongue will deviate to the right.

75
Q

What is number 1 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Palatoglossus

76
Q

What is number 2 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Styloglossus

77
Q

What is number 3 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

78
Q

What is number 4 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Submandibular ganglion

79
Q

What is number 5 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Hyoid bone

80
Q

What is number 6 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

81
Q

What is number 7 on this diagram of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

82
Q

What is number 8 on this diagram of the tongue?

83
Q

What is number 9 on this diagram of the tongue?

84
Q

What nerve relays touch sensation in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Trigeminal nerve -CN5

85
Q

What nerve relays touch sensation in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve - CN9

86
Q

What nerve relays taste sensation in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Facial nerve CN7

87
Q

What nerve relays taste sensation in the posterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve CN9

88
Q

Recall the mapping of umami flavours on the tongue

A

All over the tongue

89
Q

Recall the mapping of sour flavours on the tongue

A

Lateral parts of the tongue

90
Q

Recall the mapping of bitter flavours on the tongue

A

Back of the tongue (posterior part)

91
Q

Recall the mapping of sweet flavours on the tongue

A

Anterior part of tongue

92
Q

Recall the mapping of salty flavours on the tongue

A

Tip of the tongue

93
Q

What is the first stage of swallowing?

A

Oral preparatory phase:
- Food/liquids chewed and formed into a bolus
- Bolus held on centre of tongue
- Lip, jaw, tongue and palate sensory and motor function needed

94
Q

What nerves innervate the first stage of swallowing?

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Hypoglossal
95
Q

Is the first stage of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

96
Q

What is the 2nd stage of swallowing?

A

Oral transit
- Bolus propelled to back of mouth
- Palate seals entrance to nasal cavity
- Lip, jaw, tongue and palate sensory and motor function needed
- Airway is open

97
Q

What nerves innervate the 2nd stage of swallowing?

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Hypoglossal
98
Q

Is the 2nd stage of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

99
Q

What is the 3rd stage of swallowing?

A

Pharyngeal phase 1
-Triggered when bolus reaches faucial arch (palatoglossal fold area)
- Palate stays elevated
- Tongue retracts to push bolus to pharynx
- Tongue, palate and laryngeal sensory and motor function needed
- Airway closed

100
Q

What nerves innervate the 3rd stage of swallowing?

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Hypoglossal
101
Q

Is the 3rd stage of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary - reflex action

102
Q

What is the 4th stage of swallowing?

A

Pharyngeal phase 2
- Bolus propelled through pharynx
- Tongue, palate and laryngeal sensory and motor function needed
- Airway closed by epiglottis, vocal cords and arytenoid action

103
Q

What nerves innervate the 4th stage of swallowing?

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
  • Hypoglossal
104
Q

Is the 4th stage of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary - Reflex action

105
Q

What is the 5th stage of swallowing?

A
  • Oesophagus opens
  • Airway closed
  • Breath held
  • Bolus propelled through oesophagus
  • Respiration then resumes with an exhalation, to clear any food particles from airway entrance
106
Q

What nerves innervate the 5th stage of swallowing?

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus
107
Q

Is the 4th stage of swallowing voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary - Reflex action

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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