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ANATOMY > HNS 1 > Flashcards

HNS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 1 number on this diagram

A

Subarachnoid space

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2
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram

A

Dura mater

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3
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram

A

Arachnoid mater

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4
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram

A

Pia mater

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5
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram

A

Superior sagittal sinus (dural venous space)

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6
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram

A

Outer periosteal layer of dura mater

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7
Q

Name number 7 on this diagram

A

Inner meningeal layer of dura mater

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8
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram

A

Meningeal layer of dura mater

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9
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram

A

Periosteal layer of dura mater

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10
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram

A

Periosteum

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11
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram

A

Spinal dura mater

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12
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram

A

Spinal extradural space

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13
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram

A

Foramen magnum

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14
Q

Describe the dura mater

A
  • 2 layers - periosteal and meningeal
  • Thick covering of brain
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15
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the dura mater

A

The dura mater is supplied by the Anterior, middle & accessory, posterior meningeal arteries which supply their respective areas of the dura mater. eg. anterior MA supplies anterior cranial fossa.

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16
Q

Where is the outer periosteal layer of the dura mater attached and what does it contain?

A

Firmly to the skull
Contains the meningeal arteries

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17
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinous drain into?

A

Confulence of sinuses -> Internal jugular vein

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18
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram

A

Emissary vein

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19
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram

A

Diploic vein

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20
Q

Why are the emissary veins so clinically important?

A

Because they drain from outside of the skull (cranial cavity) and have no valves, they can therefore be a conduit through which infections can enter the cranial cavity

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21
Q

Name the dural venous sinuses

A
  • The superior sagittal sinus
  • The inferior sagittal sinus
  • The straight sinus
  • The transverse sinus
  • The sigmoid sinus
  • The occipital sinus
  • The conlfuence of sinuses
  • The cavernous sinus
  • The sphenoparietal sinus
  • The superior petrosal sinus
  • The inferior petrosal sinus
  • The basilar sinus
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22
Q

Name number 1 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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23
Q

Name number 2 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Falx cerebri

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24
Q

Name number 3 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Infundibulum

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25
Q

Name number 4 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Diaphragma sellae

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26
Q

Name number 5 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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27
Q

Name number 6 on the diagram of dural partition

A

Falx cerebelli

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28
Q

Name number 7 on the diagram of dural partitions

A

Tentorial notch

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29
Q

What happens in the extra dural space during an extradural haemorrhage?

A

This potential space between dura and bone can become a fluid filled space when there is rupture of a meningeal artery or a torn dural venous sinus.

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30
Q

What happens in the subdural space during a subdural haemorrhage

A

Bleeding due to the tearing of a dural venous sinus can result in this space forming inbetween the innermost layer of the meningeal dura and the arachnoid mater.

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31
Q

Name the colour coded regions of the skull

A

Green- Anterior cranial fossa
Blue - Middle cranial fossa
Red - Posterior cranial fossa

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32
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram of the skull

A

Frontal bone

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33
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram of the skull

A

Bregma

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34
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram of the skull

A

Sagittal suture

35
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram of the skull (skip card)

A

Parietal foramen

36
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram of the skull

A

Lambda

37
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram of the skull

A

Occipital bone

38
Q

Name number 7 on this diagram of the skull

A

Lambdoid suture

39
Q

Name number 8 on this diagram of the skull

A

Parietal bone

40
Q

Name number 9 on this diagram of the skull

A

Coronal suture

41
Q

What is the purpose of the fontanelles in the fetus and newborn skull?

A

-Allows head to deform during its passage through birth canal
- Postnatal growth

42
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Cribiform plate

43
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Optic canal

44
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Superior orbital fissure

45
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen lacerum (filled w cartilage in life)

46
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Internal acoustic meatus

47
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Hypoglossal canal

48
Q

Name number 7 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen magnum

49
Q

Name number 8 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Jugular foramen

50
Q

Name number 9 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen spinosum

51
Q

Name number 10 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Carotid canal

52
Q

Name number 11 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen ovale

53
Q

Name number 12 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen rotundum

54
Q

Name number 1 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen ovale

55
Q

Name number 2 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen Spinosum

56
Q

Name number 3 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Hypoglossal canal

57
Q

Name number 4 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Jugular foramen

58
Q

Name number 5 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Foramen magnum

59
Q

Name number 6 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Sylomastoid foramen

60
Q

Name number 7 on this diagram of cranial foramina

A

Carotid canal

61
Q

What structure/s passes through the foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary division (CNV2) the trigeminal nerve (CNV)

62
Q

What structure/s passes through the foramen ovale

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV)

63
Q

What structure/s passes through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery

64
Q

What structure/s passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

65
Q

What structure/s passes through the Jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyneal nerve (CN9)
Vagus nerve (CN10)
Accessory nerve (CN11)
Internal jugular vein

66
Q

What structure/s passes through the Foramen magnum?

A
  • Spinal cord
  • Vertebral arteries
  • Roots of accessory nerve
67
Q

What structure/s passes through the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory nerves (CN1)

68
Q

What structure/s passes through the optic canal?

A
  • Optic nerve (CN2)
  • Opthalmic artery
69
Q

What structure/s passes through the superior orbital fissure

A
  • Opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
  • Oculomotor nerve (CN3)
  • Trochlear (CN4)
  • Abducens (CN6)
  • Superior opthalmic vein
70
Q

What structure/s passes through the INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS

A
  • Facial nerve (CN7)
  • Vestibulocochlear (CN8)
71
Q

What structure/s passes through the Hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve CN12

72
Q

What structure/s passes through the STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN

A

Facial nerve CN7

73
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A

Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium

74
Q

What does the dense connective tissue in the scalp contain?

A

Arteries,veins and nerves that supply the scalp

75
Q

What does the aponeurotic layer of the scalp consist of ?

A
  • Occipitofrontalis muscle
  • Epicranial neurosis tendon connecting the frontal and occipital belly of the occfipitofrontalis muscle
76
Q

What is the function of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Move the scalp, wrinkle forehead and raise forehead

77
Q

What is the occipitofrontalis muscle innervated by?

A

Frontal belly - Temporal branch of the facial nerve
Occipital belly - Posterior auricular branch

78
Q

How is the loose connective tissue of the scalp clinically important

A

Can facilitate the localisation and spread of infections

79
Q

Describe the gross innervation of the scalp

A

Anterior to ears and vertex
- Innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve
Posterior to ears and the vertex
- Cervical nerves, specifically branches from spinal levels C2 and C3

80
Q

Which arteries supply the scalp?

A

Branches of the external carotid artery and the opthalmic artery (branch of internal carotid artery).
NB. specific branches of arteries follow same pattern as veins

81
Q

Which veins drain the scalp?

A
  • Supratrochlear and supra orbital veins drain ANTERIOR scalp
  • Superficial temporal vein drains LATERAL scalp
  • Posterior auricular vein drains scalp posterior to ear
  • Occipital vein drains POSTERIOR scalp
82
Q

Why do scalp lacerations bleed so profusely?

A
  • Supplied by external carotid arteries
  • Dense connective tissue holds the vessels open so more blood exits
83
Q

What anatomical feature means that epidural anaesthesia injections can be administered?

A

Lack of periosteal layer of dura mater in vertebral column therefore there is an epidural space that anaesthetic can be injected into

ANATOMY (14 decks)

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