Lezak - Chapter 3 - Beh Geo Brain Flashcards
How many cells are within the entire CNS?
Hundred billion
What part of the neuron is thought to be particularly important in the formation of new memories and neural plasticity?
Spine
What two arteries branch from the internal carotid?
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
To what brain region does the anterior division of blood supply?
Anterior medial frontal lobe
What regions does the middle cerebral feed?
Lateral temporal
Parietal
Posterior frontal lobes
Deep subcortical
How many neurons are estimated to be in the cortex?
20 billion
From what arteries does the posterior circulation originate?
Vertebral arteries
What arteries provide blood to the brain stem and cerebellum?
Vertebral arteries
What arteries supply the occipital cortex and medial and inferior regions of the temporal lobe?
Posterior cerebral arteries
What is the network that controls wakefulness and alerting mechanisms?
Reticular activating system
What contains major pathways for fibers running between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum?
Pons
What structures work jointly to correlate postural and kinesthetic information?
Pons and cerebellum
What is cerebellar damage known to produce?
Problems with fine motor control
Coordination
Postural regulation
What contains s large portion of the RAS?
Midbrain
What thalamic nuclei have an established role in memory?
DM
Lesions to what thalamic nuclei are observed in Korsakov’s syndrome?
DM
What structure has important arousal and sleep-producing functions?
Thalamus
What are the two types of memory impairments observed with thalamic lesions?
Anterograde amnesia
Retrograde amnesia with temporal gradient
What are the emotional characteristics of Korsakov’s syndrome?
Apathy
Loss of spontaneity and drive
Affective flattening
What drives are regulated by the hypothalamus?
Appetite
Sexual arousal
Thirst
What can lesions of the hypothalamus result in?
Obesity Disorders of temp control Fatigue Diminished drive states Responsivity
What are diseases of the basal ganglia characterized by?
Abnormal movements at rest
What are four functions of the cingulate gyrus?
Attention
Response selection
Processing pain
Emotional behavior
What are the conduction fibers within a hemisphere called?
Association fibers
What are the conduction fibers between hemispheres called?
Commissural fibers
What are the connection fibers between cerebral cortex and lower cognitive centers?
Projection fibers
