Chapter 33 - Substance Abuse Flashcards
What neuro pathological changes are observed in Korsakoff’s syndrome?
Loss of white matter
Loss in PFC, hypothalamus, cerebellum
Microhemorrages
Gliosis of periaqueductal gray matter
What neuro pathological changes are observed in essential alcoholism?
Brain shrinkage - due to loss of white matter
Neuronal loss in PFC, hypothalamus, cerebellum
Impairment in what Neuropsychological domains is observed in individuals with alcoholism?
Problem solving
Abstraction
Perceptual motor
What two brain systems have shown compromise in alcoholism?
Cerebellar-pontine-prefrontal
Prefrontal-parietal corticocortical
Following detox, how long might someone display alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
24-72 hours
What is the first line if tx for AWS?
Benzodiazepines
What are the psych sx of AWS?
Anxiety
Depression
Difficulty thinking clearly
Rapid emotional changes
What are the core features of DTs?
Rapid muscle tremors
Rapid heartbeat
Heavy sweating
Hallucinations/delusions
What are core features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
Confusion/disorientation Optic ataxia Ataxia of gait Abulia Apathy Global amnesia
What is the amnesia observed in Korsakoff’s syndrome?
Anterograde and temporally-graded retrograde
What are the effects of cocaine on CNS functions?
Vasoconstriction
Increases DA availability in limbic regions
What are the effects of benzodiazepines on neuropsych performance?
Mental slowing
Anterograde amnesia
What neuro pathological changes are observed in opiate abuse?
Cortical atrophy
Ventriculomegaly
What are the chronic effects of opiate abuse on cognition?
Executive dysfunction
WM deficits
Problems with decision making
What are the memory deficits observed in Korsakov’s Syndrome?
Anterograde amnesia
Temporally-graded retrograde amnesia
