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Chapter 17 - Cerebral Palsy Flashcards

1
Q

What motor impairments can be observed in cerebral palsy?

A

Posture
Balance
Muscle control
Movement

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2
Q

What is the most frequent neuro pathological finding in cerebral palsy?

A

White matter damage

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3
Q

What brain structures comprise the pyramidal motor system?

A

Precentral motor cortex
Corticospinal tract
Spinal motor neurons

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4
Q

What is the pyramidal motor system responsible for?

A

Initiating and carrying out signals that enable voluntary skilled movements

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5
Q

What subtype of CP results from damage to the pyramidal system?

A

Spastic CP

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6
Q

70-85% of cases of CP are of what subtype?

A

Spastic CP

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7
Q

What is the specific neuropathology often observed in spastic CP?

A

Periventricular leukomalacia

Intraventricular hemorrhage

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8
Q

What are the three subtypes of spastic CP that result from damage to the pyramidal motor system?

A

Spastic hemiplegic CP
Spastic diplegic CP
Spastic quadriplegic CP

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9
Q

What is cerebral palsy not?

A

A disease or etiology

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10
Q

What are the two CP subtypes that result from injury to the extrapyramidal system ?

A

Dyskinetic

Ataxic

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11
Q

What is the most frequent neuropathology observed in spastic hemiplegic CP?

A

Unilateral MCA stroke

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12
Q

What is the most severe subtype of CP?

A

Spastic quadriplegic CP

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13
Q

What is the most common neuropathology observed in spastic quadriplegic CP?

A

Anoxia or other generalized gray matter injury

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14
Q

What brain regions comprise the extrapyramidal motor system?

A

Cerebellum
Basal ganglia
Brain stem

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15
Q

What is the function of the extrapyramidal system?

A

Fine tune the movements of the pyramidal system by making adjustments to posture and coordination

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16
Q

What does damage to the extrapyramidal system cause?

A

Abnormal involuntary movements

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17
Q

What is dyskinetic CP characterized by?

A

Athetoid or dystonic movements

18
Q

What is dyskinetic CP caused by?

A

An underlying hypoxic-ischemic injury

19
Q

What is ataxic CP characterized by?

A

Lack of coordination during voluntary gross and fine motor movements

20
Q

What are the signs of ataxic CP?

A

Poor balance
Unsteadiness
Wide-based gait
Shakiness during tasks that involve manual dexterity

21
Q

What is the most typical presentation in CP?

A

Spasticity with athetoid movements

22
Q

Which extremities are affected in the two subtypes of CP that result from damage to the extrapyramidal system?

A

All of them

Upper more than lower

23
Q

Normal intellectual functioning is observed in which forms of CP?

A

Extrapyramidal

24
Q

After what age is cerebral palsy an incorrect term to use?

25
What is the leading cause of physical disability in childhood?
CP
26
Can CP be diagnosed in utero?
No
27
What are signs of possible CP in infancy?
Persisting reflex patterns | Earlier than typical acquisition of milestones (standing earlier - hypertonia)
28
When is a definitive dx of CP usually made?
In second or third year of life
29
About what percentage of children outgrow the dx of mild CP?
50%
30
Severity of cognitive impairment is positively correlated with what?
Degree of motor impairment
31
Damage to what areas of the brain results in attentional difficulties?
Peri ventricular white matter and subcortical damage
32
What cognitive domain is affected more than any other in CP?
Visuospatial functions
33
What medication is used to reduce muscle contractions in CP?
Botox
34
What medication is used to reduce spasticity, hyper reflexes, and painful muscle spasms?
Baclofen
35
What medication is used to decrease abnormal muscle movements in CP?
Sinemet or Artane (DA agonists)
36
What medication is used to reduce spasticity, hyper reflexes, painful muscle spasms and reduce anxiety in CP?
Valium
37
What is the trade name for diazepam?
Valium
38
What is the term for slow and writhing involuntary movements that can affect any part of the body?
Athetosis
39
What is the term for involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive and twisting movements, as well as irregular postures?
Dystonia
40
What is the most frequent neuropathology observed in spastic diplegic CP?
White matter damage of prematurity

ABPP-CN (26 decks)

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