Chapter 4 - Neurotransmitter Systems Flashcards
In what two regions are cholinergic neurons found?
Pontomesencephalic
Nuclear groups of the BF
What is the primary efferent NT of the PNS?
Acetylcholine
What classes of drugs have strong anti cholinergic properties?
Antihistamines
First gen antipsychotics
Tricyclics antidepressants
Where do andrenergic neurons exist primarily?
Locus coerulus
Lateral tegmental area of pons and Medulla
What role does NE play?
Modulating sleep-wake cycles Attention Mood Pain
What ADHD meds increase NE and DA?
Ritalin
Concerta
Adderall
What ADHD med is a SNRI?
Strattera
Where are serotonergic neurons found?
Raphe nuclei of midbrain, pons, and medulla
Where do the rostral raphe project to?
Entire forebrain including thalamus, cortex, and basal ganglia
Where do the dorsal raphe project to?
Cerebellum, medulla, spinal cord
What med is a 5-HT and NA re uptake inhibitor?
Effexor (venlafaxine)
What are two serotonin 2A antagonists?
Trazodone (Desryl)
Mirtazapine (Temeron)
Where do DA containing neurons exist primarily?
SNpc
VTA
What are three DA subsystems?
Mesostriatal
Mesolimbic
Mesocortical
From where does the mesostriatal system arise and project?
Arises:
SNpc
Projects:
Striatum (caudate and putamen)
From where does the mesolimbic system arise and project?
Arises:
VTA
Projects:
MTL, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, NA
From where does the mesocortical system arise and project?
Arises:
VTA
Projects:
Cortical regions of frontal lobe
What DA system is implicated in PD?
Mesostriatal
Mesostriatal dysfunction can produce what sx?
Motor
What DA system plays a role in reward?
Mesolimbic
What sx can result with over activity of the mesolimbic system?
Delusions and hallucinations
Mesocortical dysfunction can lead to what sx?
Neg Sx of SZ, dysexecutive syndrome and bradykinesia
What are side effects of antihistamines?
Sedation
Cognitive in efficiency
What can be side effects of use of benzodiazepines to tx insomnia?
Memory loss and slow psychomotor speed
