Chapter 31 - Mood Disorders Flashcards
What areas of the brain show reductions in volume in depression and bipolar disorder?
Dorsal medial and lateral PFC
Hippocampus
What neuro anatomical changes have been shown on functional neuro imaging in depression?
Increased activity in central limbic regions:
Genu of cingulate gyrus
Amygdala
Central striatum
What brain areas show reduction only in unipolar depression (as opposed to bipolar)?
Caudate/putamen
What neurotransmitter is involved in regulating sleep, aggression, eating, sexual behavior, impulse control and mood?
Serotonin
What NT helps the brain recognize and respond to stressful situations?
Norepinephrine
What NT plays an important role in regulating drives to seek out rewards and obtain a sense of pleasure?
Dopamine
How many episodes of major depression, mania, hypo mania or mixed sx must occur in a one-year period to be dx with rapid cycling bipolar disorder?
4 or more
What neuro anatomical regions are implicated in anxiety disorders?
Cingulate gyrus, PFC, anterior temporal cortices
What neuro anatomical region senses and identifies fear and anxiety-laden stimuli?
Central nucleus of the amygdala
What brain regions respond to heighten sympathetic responses to stressful stimuli?
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal gland
What brain regions are responsible for feelings associated with anxiety?
Cingulate
OFC
What part of the cortex shows hyperactivity in anxiety disorders?
Insular cortex
What area of the cortex regulates autonomic nervous system activity?
Insular cortex
What neural network has been implicated with abnormally increased activity in OCD?
Head of caudate
Anterior cingulate
OFC
What general areas of brain dysfunction have been described in PTSD?
PFC
Amygdala
Hippocampus
