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A2 PE > LEWIS: Energy systems > Flashcards

LEWIS: Energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

Anaerobic energy systems:

A

ATP stores
ATP-PC
Lactic acid

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2
Q

Site of reaction for ATP stores:

A

Sarcoplasm (all living cells)

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3
Q

Fuels used for ATP stores:

A

ATP

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4
Q

Active enzymes for ATP stores:

A

ATPase

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5
Q

Molecules of ATP produced:

A

1

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6
Q

Advantages of ATP stores:

A

Instant high intensity energy sources

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7
Q

Drawbacks of ATP stores:

A

Only lasts a couple of seconds of intense exercise

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8
Q

Training methods to improve ATP stores:

A
  • High intensity Plyometrics

- High intensity Strength/weight training (80% 1RM)

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9
Q

Adaptations following training on ATP stores:

A

Increased ATP stores

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10
Q

Sports using ATP stores:

A

Shot putt

Weight lifting

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11
Q

Site of reaction for ATP-PC energy system:

A

sarcoplasm

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12
Q

Fuels used in ATP-PC energy system:

A

Phosphocreatine (PC)

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13
Q

Active enzymes for ATP-PC energy system:

A

Creatine kinase

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14
Q

Molecules of ATP produced for ATP-PC energy system:

A

1

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15
Q

Advantages of ATP-PC energy system:

A
  • Quickly resynthesises ATP
  • No fatigue by-product
  • Phosphocreatine stores restore quickly
  • Can extend time through creatine supplementation
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16
Q

Drawbacks of ATP-PC energy system:

A
  • Lasts 8-10 seconds of maximum effort
  • PC is very limited within muscle
  • PC can only be replenished when there is sufficient energy available in the body (aerobic pathway)
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17
Q

Training methods to improve ATP-PC energy system:

A

High intensity plyometrics
High intensity weight training
High intensity interval training

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18
Q

Adaptations following training on ATP-PC energy system:

A
  • Increased PC stores
  • Increased enzymes for anaerobic
  • Greater power output
  • Delay in ATP-PC to lactic threshold
  • More energy available more rapidly
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19
Q

Sports using ATP-PC energy system:

A
  • 100m sprint

- high intensity activities lasting less than 10 seconds

20
Q

Site of reaction for lactic acid system:

A

Sarcoplasm

21
Q

Fuels used for lactic acid system:

A

glycogen/glucose

22
Q

Active enzymes for lactic acid system:

A

glycolytic enzymes

23
Q

Molecules of ATP produced for lactic acid system:

A

2

24
Q

Advantages of lactic acid system:

A
  • lasts 30-60 seconds
  • can last up to 3 minutes depending on intensity
  • releases energy quite quickly
  • can supply energy in high intensity, short-term activities
  • presence of oxygen, lactic acid can be converted back into liver glycogen or used as a fuel through oxidation into CO2 and H2O
  • Can be used for a sprint finish at very end of aerobic events where intensity increases (e.g. 5000m)
25
Q

Drawbacks of lactic acid system:

A
  • lactic acid as fatigue by-product
  • Higher fatigue
  • increased acidity, due to LA, denatures enzymes and prevents them from increasing the rate at which chemical reactions occur
  • Muscle action = inhibited
  • Oxygen debt
26
Q

Training methods to improve lactic acid system:

A
  • High intensity circuit, fartlek training
  • Moderate-high intensity interval
  • Endurance weight training (60-80% max HR)
27
Q

Adaptations following training to LA system:

A
  • Increase OBLA, enabling workout at higher level
  • Produce more glycolytic enzymes
  • Increased VO2 max
28
Q

Sports using LA system:

A
  • 400m run/hurdler
  • 100m swim
  • high intensity activities with a duration of approx. 1 minute
29
Q

Aerobic energy system =

A

aerobic energy system

30
Q

Site of reaction for aerobic energy system:

A

glycolysis = sarcoplasm
Krebs cycle = matrix of mitochondria
ETC = cristae of mitochondria

31
Q

Active enzymes in aerobic energy system:

A

KC = Lipoprotein lipase

PROCESS OF BETA OXIDATION

32
Q

Molecules of ATP produced in aerobic energy system:

A

G=2
KC=2
ETC=34
OVERALL = 38

33
Q

Advantages of aerobic energy system:

A
  • 38 ATP molecules produced from glucose/glycogen molecule
  • Slow twitch fibres provide a continuous supply of energy over a long period of time
  • No fatigue by-products
  • Large stores of glycogen and triglycerides - long duration
34
Q

Fuels used in aerobic energy system:

A

G = Glycogen/glucose

KC=Fatty acids

35
Q

Drawbacks of aerobic energy system:

A
  • Requires oxygen = lower intensity/3 minute threshold
  • Relies heavily on glycogen stores initially
  • Many reactions = while for oxygen to become available to meet the demands of the activity and to ensure glycogen and fatty acids are completely broken down
  • Fatty acid transportation to muscles is low and requires 15% more oxygen to be broken down than glycogen
36
Q

Training methods to improve aerobic energy system:

A
  • continuous training (60-80% max HR)

- low intensity fartlek training

37
Q

Adaptations following training to aerobic energy system:

A
  • Beta oxidation =more efficient
  • Increased oxidative (aerobic) enzymes
  • Greater ability to store muscle glycogen
  • Increased store of triglycerides
38
Q

Sports using aerobic energy system:

A
  • marathon
  • 1500m
  • low-intensity activities with a duration of longer than 1-2min
39
Q

Beta-oxidation is the process where fatty acids are broken down int he mitochondria to generate acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the

A

Krebs cycle

40
Q

More ATP can be made from 1 mole of fatty acids than from one mole of glycogen, reason why the predominant energy source in long-duration exercise is

A

fatty acids

41
Q

Process of ATP-PC system:
Anaerobic
PC is stored in the muscles and is broken dow to creatine and phosphate by the enzyme creatine kinase… as a result

A

energy is released for ATP re-synthesis

42
Q

Process of lactic acid system:
Anaerobic
Glycolysis (glycogen broken down using glycolytic enzymes and is then broken down into pyruvic acid. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid and

A

2 molecules of ATP are produced

43
Q

Process of aerobic energy system:

3 stages:

A

glycolysis
Krebs cycle
Electron transfer chain

44
Q

Glycolysis: glycogen is broken down into glucose which is then broken down into

A

pyruvic acid

45
Q

Krebs cycle: pyruvic acid diffuses into matrix of mitochondria and a complex cycle of reactions occurs. The reactions result in the production of 2 molecules of ATP and CO2 and hydrogen. The CO2 is breathed out and the hydrogen is taken to the

A

ETC

46
Q

ETC: Hydrogen from KC carried by hydrogen carriers. Occurs in the cristae of the mitochondria and the hydrogen splits into hydrogen ions and electrons. They are charged with potential energy. The hydrogen ions are oxidised to form water while the hydrogen electrons provide the energy to

A

re-synthesise ATP - 34 molecules of ATP produced

A2 PE (27 decks)

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