Attitudes Flashcards
An attitude is a view held by an individual towards an:
Attitude object
Attitude is:
A complex mix of feelings, beliefs and values that influences somebody to behave towards something or someone in a consistent way
An attitude can become prejudice which is a :
Value or judgement about someone or something made before you have a full picture and is most likely based on incomplete, inaccurate or stereotypical view
Prejudices are forms of attitudes as they:
Influence the way someone may act towards another object/individual
Attitudes are:
Multi-dimensional
- made up of a combination of some knowledge, some feelings and some behavioural intentions
Bad attitude leads to behaviour that goes against social norms which are:
Rules, normally written about a person’s behaviour, values, beliefs or attitudes
3 components in the attitude Triadic model:
Cognitive component- what we know and believe about the attitude object
Affective component- how we feel about the attitude object
Behavioural component - how we behave toward the attitude object
To get performers to behave in accordance with a set of general values we must ensure that:
They understand specific goals of a training session
They have a positive experience
Any negative attitudes or experiences from the behaviour are recognised and dealt with
How are attitudes formed:
Peer groups Conditioning Socialisation & social learning Media Familiarity
Good attitude is:
Socially acceptable - this allows individuals to become part of the group, to feel valued and accepted
- known as socialisation
Socialisation is the process by which:
We learn the values, norms and cultures or a particular society
To become an elite athlete you need to have a :
Good attitude
It is valuable for a coach to be able to measure their athletes attitude towards certain attitude objects so they can :
Modify the athletes attitude if they need to
2 ways to measure attitude:
Observations of behavioural signals e.g. Increased HR, change in body language, lack of eye contact
Questionnaires
questionnaires often take the form of an attitude scale to prove an individuals attitude towards a range of objects - usually used a :
Likert scale - involves a number of statements to which respondents are asked to agree or disagree by choosing 1 of 5 options
5 Issues with attitude questionnaires and scales:
Some will give an answer they think is wanted
Not all respondents may understand the question
People may understand the Likert scale differently
Most attitude questionnaires are not specific to sport- result hard to interpret
Knowledge and understanding of the person analysing the answers could affect their interpretation
2 ways to change attitude:
Persuasive communication
Cognitive dissonance
Persuasive communication:
Coach is able to persuade the performer to alter their attitude by discussion, argument or debate
PC- persuader important factors are:
their status to the individual
Their popularity
Their credibility
Their social and cultural background
PC- message being given must be:
Accurate Stated with confidence and enthusiasm Clearly Logical Factual
PC- important factors for receiver must be:
Are they ready for the message?
How strong is current negative attitude?
Are they motivated to change?
Cognitive dissonance: individuals like to be consistent in what they do, feel and believe if they encounter something that goes against this they feel:
Uncontrollable and a lack of consistency
CD- this lack of consistency is uncomfortable and then individuals are:
Motivated to reduce the discomfort by changing their existing attitude or belief and acquiring new ones
CD- 3 components of attitude must be consistent with each other for a person to feel:
Comfortable
CD- if an attitude of an individual is unhelpful then one of these components must be changed by cause on of the components to be inconsistent with the other this is known as:
Cognitive dissonance
CD: By changing one of the 3 elements, there is no longer consistency within the triad-
Dissonance is created
CD- to reduce these feelings of inconsistency and imbalance, the individual becomes:
Motivated to alter what they believe, feel or do
