Leadership Flashcards
10 qualities of effective leaders are:
Good communication skills
Effective decision making
Enthusiasm
Knowledge of the activity
Empathy
Clear goals
Charisma
Motivation
Good organisational skills
Confidence
Leadership is the…
Behavioural process influencing individuals and groups towards set goals
3 leadership theories:
Great Man theory
Social learning theory
Interactionist theory
Great man theory (TRAIT THEORY)
Suggests that leaders…
Inherit specific personality traits which enable them to be good leaders
Social learning theory suggests:
You learn to be a good leader from others
Explains that interaction with the environment has to happen to develop and produce good leaders and leadership
Interactionist theory combines both the
Great man theory and the social learning theory to explain that good leader is a combination of the traits that you are BORN with as well as you learning to develop on the environmental interaction to become a good leader
Leaders are appointed in 2 ways
Prescribed
Emergent
Prescribed leaders tend to be:
Chosen or selected by others of a high authority
Have best ideas and drive
Emergent leaders simply
Emerge from the group and take
Charge
Tend to keep the harmony of group
Prescribed leaders are thought to be good for..
Bringing in new ideas, but they can be somewhat disruptive to group harmony
Emerged leaders are thought to..
Maintain group harmony but struggle to bring fresh ideas to the table
4 factors that leadership depends on are:
Leader’s qualities
The style of leadership that the leader adopts
The type of situation involved
The follower’s qualities
3 main styles of leadership:
Autocratic style
Democratic style
Laissez-faire style
Not suggested that just one style is always used. A good leader should be able to:
Assess the situation and required outcome and tailor their leadership style and behaviour towards the group in the most appropriate way
Details of autocratic style :
Leader dictates actions
Little input from group in decision making
Not concerned with interpersonal relationships within group
Task-orientated
Group works hard when leader present
Autocratic best used when:
Task needs to be quickly completed Complex or dangerous task Big group size Participants are older but less experienced Males normally respond best
Details of democratic:
Leader encourages the group to discuss ideas and become involved in decision making process Leader makes final decision Oversees completion of task More relaxed and informative Group left = continue to work together
Democratic is best used when:
Younger or individual performers
Female performers
More elite performers
Smaller groups
Details of laissez-faire:
Leader leaves group to own devices
Allows group to make own decisions
Offering only a little bit of help/guidance
Passive/observing approach
Task may not be completed/longer to complete
Group could become frustrated with one another and give up easily
Laissez-faire best used when:
More experienced performers which have a good knowledge and understanding of task
Smaller groups
Fielder’s contingency model suggests that:
Leaders should decide whether to be task or person orientated in their leadership style
(FCM) task orientated leaders focus on the
Performance of the team
Autocratic approach
(FCM) a person orientated leader develops
Interpersonal relationships
Keeps open lines of communication and maintains a positive social interaction
Democratic approach
(AKA RELATIONSHIP ORIENTATED)
(FCM) Leaders can change orientation depending on the situation as they need to adapt their style to meet the demands of
The situations
(FCM) favourable situations =
An ideal situation
The favourableness of a situation is based on:
The relationship between the leader and group
The leader’s position of power and authority
The task structure
Resources available
(FCM)Whether the situation is favourable or unfavourable should determine the
Type of leadership style used
(FCM) a favourable situation which consists of a leader highly respected by the group
A group of high ability and high motivation levels should use a leadership of
Task-orientated
(FCM) a moderately favourable situation with a leader reasonably respected by the group of reasonable ability and reasonable motivation levels should use
Person-orientated type of leadership
(FCM)Unfavourable situation when the leaders position is weak with a group of low ability and low motivation should use
Task orientated leadership
Chelladurai’s multidimensional model (1980) the characteristics/antecedents must be
Considered before leadership style is chosen
3 characteristics of the multidimensional model:
Situational
Leader
Member
(Multidimensional model) situational characteristics are:
Activity/sport Strength of opposition Environmental conditions Number in groups Time constraints
(Multidimensional model)
Leader characteristics are:
Experience of leader
Personality of leader
Preference of style
(Multidimensional model)
Member characteristics are:
What the group look like Group's personalities Age Gender Motivation level Competence level Experience
(Multidimensional model)
Situational characteristics leads to
Required behaviour
(Multidimensional model) required behaviour is
What is actually needed for this purpose (depending on situation and task)
(Multidimensional model) leader characteristics leads to
Actual behaviour
(Multidimensional model) actual behaviour
What does that leader actually choose to use in terms of leadership style
(Multidimensional model)Member characteristics leads to
Preferred behaviour
(Multidimensional model) preferred behaviour is
What do the group members prefer that leader to behave like - their preferred style of leadership depending on their skill and goal
(Multidimensional model) if the 3 behaviours (required/actual/preferred) agree or are more closely related then
Greater chance of high group satisfaction/performance
