Group Success Flashcards
6 characteristics of a successful group:
Strong collective identity Communicate effectively Opportunity to socialise Strong cohesion Value relationships Successful coach or leader who ensures that members are valued
A group is:
2 or more individuals that interact with each other
Interdependent, social relationship, share a common objective
Sense of group identity and share norms and values
Tuckman’s model composed of:
4 stages of group development
Tuckman’s model suggested that:
Groups have to go through each of the stages in a process of development and as a consequence the NORMS, ROLES, INDIVIDUAL RELATIONSHIPS and EFFECTS on each other CHANGE & EVOLVE before they can become successful
Stage 1 =
Forming
Forming =
Group members get to know each other
Find out task or objective of group
Show respect for one another
Coach tells them what to do
Stage 2=
Storming
Storming =
Group members argue and compete with each other
Alliance form
Different types of leaders emerge
Inexperienced group members refuse to compromise
A team may fail
Coach must drive the team through the stage
Stage 3=
Norming
Norming=
Group members agree how to work together
Rules are developed/accepted and behaviour defined
Development of trust, the ability to accept criticism and new ideas are developed
Leaders emerge and start to take responsibility for decision making
Coach becomes a consultant
Stage 4=
Performing
Performing =
Group works as a unit
Experienced, skilled and knowledgeable team members are able to make decision independently
Consultation is expected and devotion is devolved
Disagreement used to strengthen relationships
Groups may revert due to 2 reasons:
Change of coach or captain
Retirement of experienced members of the group
Stage 5=
Mourning
Mourning =
When the team breaks up because the task has been completed
Cohesion is
The dynamic forces that cause a team to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of goals and objectives
Successful teams are often described as being very
Cohesive
Carron felt that individuals choose to stay together because either:
They find the group attractive and value being a member
The group helps them achieve an objective
2 categories of cohesion:
Task cohesion
Social cohesion
Task cohesion =
Found in a group that is bound together because of the drive to achieve a common goal
team works together to achieve a goal
Social cohesion=
Found in a group that is bound together by social bonds, social attractiveness and relationships
Team works together because they like each other
Task cohesiveness is far more important than..
Social cohesiveness when it comes to success
Antecedents are
Things that come before or that are pre-existing
Carron proposed that there are 4 key antecedents to the development of cohesiveness
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
PERSONAL FACTORS
LEADERSHIP-BASED
TEAM-BASED
Environmental factors =
Group size
Age
Geography
Personal factors =
Similarity
Gender
Satisfaction/Aspirations
Dissimilarity
Leadership-based =
Leadership behaviour/styles
Leader-team relationships
Team-based =
Focus on task/desire to succeed
Team ability/stability/productivity
Share experiences - win/lose
Strategies that a leader can ensure team cohesion are:
Maintain open communication channel
Set challenging but realistic individual and team goals
Strive for commitment by all being involved in goal setting
Set and strive for agreed norms of behaviour
Ensure role charity
Provide evidence of the value of each member
Reward exceptional individual contributions
Use team meetings to resolve conflict
Create a sense of distinctiveness
Encourage self-sacrifice
Faulty group processes- Steiner produced the following formula
Actual productivity =
Potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes
(FP) actual productivity =
How well they do
(FP) potential productivity =
Or effectiveness of a team is based on the collective nature of its talents
(FP) losses due to FP=
Refers to aspects: lack of coordination, poor communication, co-operation, poor strategies and loos of motivation
2 main faulty processes:
Lack of co-ordination
(Groups timings or strategies don’t function well - during set moves, due to lack of cooperation and communication)
Lack of motivation
(Loss of concentration, self-confidence
Sports that require higher levels of co-ordination and motivation are most likely to suffer if they have a..
Faulty process
The Ringlemann effect=
As group size increases, we see a decrease in motivation and cohesion
(RE) as group grows larger, the contribution from individuals…
Reduces
(RE) people seem to work less hard in a group than they do on their own, possibly due to…
Social loafing
Social loafing =
Performer ‘hides’ in a team
Performance drop was due to motivational losses
Others feel that not everyone is working as hard as them so they decided to not work as hard
Difference between RE and SL=
SL due to reduced motivation/effort by individuals
RE due to more people, less effort/co-ordination
SL and RE are both still faulty processes as they could…
Affect a team’s overall success
A coach can reduce social loafing by:
Ensure all members understand their role and how it relates to others
Use drills that engage everyone
Ensure individual contributions are noted and identified
Develop both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation by praise
Be aware of occasions where SL may occur
Ask all team members to acknowledge and value the contribution of other member
Develop team cohesion (especially task cohesion, by ensuring the team’s objectives are clearly understood and who needs to do what to achieve the goal)
