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Human Needs 1 > lewis ch 43 liver, pancreas, and biliary tract problems > Flashcards

lewis ch 43 liver, pancreas, and biliary tract problems Flashcards

1
Q

how are hepatitis A and E transmitted

A

fecal oral

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2
Q

which types of hepatitis have vaccines

A

A and B

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3
Q

how is hepatitis B transmitted

A

blood
semen
saliva

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4
Q

how is hepatitis C transmitted

A

blood

semen

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5
Q

how is hepatitis D transmitted

A

blood

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6
Q

S+S all types of hepatitis (5)

A
  • RUQ discomfort
  • N/V
  • fever and chills
  • jaundice
  • dark urine
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7
Q

treatment for all types of hepatitis (3)

A
  • rest
  • nutrition
  • hydration
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8
Q

complications of hepatitis (4)

A
  • chronic active hepatitis
  • fulminant hepatitis (severe acute hepatitis)
  • cirrhosis
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
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9
Q

most important precaution to prevent spread of Hep A

A

hand washing after bowel movements and before eating

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10
Q

important precautions to prevent spread of Hep B (3)

A
  • using gloves
  • don’t share razors, toothbrushes
  • use condom
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11
Q

primary measures to prevent Hep C transmission (3)

A
  • screen blood, organ, and tissue donors
  • use of infection control precautions
  • modifying high-risk behavior
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12
Q

teaching for patients with hepatitis (6)

A
  • rest
  • no sexual contact (Hep B)
  • no alcohol
  • no blood donation
  • no OTC meds (tylenol)
  • private bathroom
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13
Q

risk factors for liver cirrhosis (5)

A
  • excessive alcohol use
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • chronic hepatitis
  • biliary infections
  • obesity
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14
Q

S+S liver cirrhosis (7)

A
  • change in bowel habits
  • gastritis
  • jaundice
  • anemia
  • kypokalemia
  • hyponatremia
  • peripheral edema
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15
Q

late S+S cirrhosis (8)

A
  • jaundice
  • LOC changes
  • spider angiomas
  • anemia
  • ascites
  • sexual changes
  • edema
  • peripheral neuropathy
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16
Q

nursing care cirrhosis (6)

A
  • measure abdominal girth
  • daily weight measurement
  • turn q2h
  • monitor color urine and stools
  • measure and elevate lower extremities
  • ROM exercises
17
Q

complications of cirrhosis (5)

A
  • portal hypertension
  • peripheral edema
  • ascites
  • hepatic encephalopathy
  • hepatorenal syndrome
18
Q

2 options for procedures to treat cirrhosis

A
  • paracentesis

- balloon tamponade

19
Q

nursing care for patient having paracentesis procedure for ascites (4)

A
  • have patient void immediately before
  • patient in high fowlers position
  • monitor for hypovolemia
  • monitor bp and heart rate
20
Q

nursing care for patient having balloon tamponade procedure for esophageal or gastric varicies (4)

A
  • patient in semi-fowlers position
  • keep scissors at bedside
  • monitor for complications
  • oral/nasal care
21
Q

S+S portal systemic encephalopathy

A
  • changes in LOC
  • neuromuscular disturbances
  • asterixis (“liver flap”)
  • hyperreflexia
  • increased blood ammonia
22
Q

treatment for portal systemic encephalopathy (2)

A
  • decrease protein in diet

- give lactulose and neomycin

23
Q

S+S cholecystitis (6)

A
  • jaundice
  • N/V
  • fat intolerance
  • abdominal distention
  • RUQ pain
  • fever and leukocytosis
24
Q

risk factors for developing cholelithiasis (5)

A
  • high cholesterol
  • upset of bile/cholesterol balance
  • females and pregnancy
  • over 40 yo
  • obesity
25
Q

risk factors for developing cholecystitis (4)

A
  • cholelithiasis
  • E coli infection
  • cancer or adhesions
  • anesthesia
26
Q

S+S biliary duct obstruction by gallstones (5)

A
  • jaundice
  • clay-colored stools
  • dark foamy urine
  • fever
  • increased WBC count
27
Q

3 options for surgical treatment with gallbladder problems

A
  • ERCP
  • lap chole
  • incisional chole
28
Q

how long is patient supposed to be NPO when having ERCP treatment

A

until return of gag reflex

29
Q

when can patient who had lap chole return to work

A

1 week after surgery

30
Q

S+S acute pancreatitis (8)

A
  • severe constant pain ULQ
  • vomiting
  • low grade fever
  • hypotension
  • tachycardia
  • abdominal distention
  • cullen’s sign
  • grey turner’s sign
31
Q

what is cullens sign with pancreatitis

A

bruising around umbilicus

32
Q

what is grey turners sign with pancreatitis

A

bruising around flanks

33
Q

S+S chronic pancreatitis (5)

A
  • burning, cramping pain
  • jaundice
  • abdominal distention
  • hyperglycemia
  • weight loss
34
Q

risk factors pancreatitis (4)

A
  • biliary tract obstructive disease
  • alcohol
  • HLD
  • smoking
35
Q

2 possible complications pancreatitis

A
  • pseudocyst

- abscess

36
Q

what electrolyte imbalance is common with pancreatitis

A

hypocalcemia

37
Q

what diet should patient with pancreatitis eat

A

bland
low-fat
high-carb

Human Needs 1 (27 decks)

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