critical thinking

Question 1

steps of diagnostic reasoning within clinical reasoning model

Answer 1

• attending
• formulating
• gathering
• evaluating

Question 2

what are first level priority problems (5)

Answer 2

• airway
• breathing
• circulation and cardiac
• vital sign concerns
• lab values

Question 3

maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 3

(most basic to highest):

• physiological needs
• safety and security
• love and belonging
• self-esteem
• self-actualization
• aesthetic

Question 4

what is PICOT for evidence based practice

Answer 4

Patients/population
Intervention
Comparison (group)
Outcome(s)
Time (as applicable)

Question 5

what are second level priority problems (6)

Answer 5

“MAA-U-AR”

• mental status change
• acute pain
• acute urinary elimination problems
• untreated med problems requiring immediate attention
• abnormal lab values
• risk of infection, safety or security

Question 6

what are third level priority problems

Answer 6

health problems not in the above categories

ex: problems with lack of knowledge, activity, rest, family coping

Question 7

Kataoka-Yahiro and Saylor (1994) Critical Thinking Model: what are the three levels of critical thinking from most basic to highest

Answer 7

• basic
• complex
• commitment

Question 8

what are the five components of critical thinking

Answer 8

• specific knowledge base
• experience
• nursing process competencies
• attitudes
• standards

Question 9

what are benner’s stages of critical thinking from most basic to advanced (5)

Answer 9

• novice
• advanced beginner
• competent
• proficient
• expert

Question 10

post-op complications: circulatory

Answer 10

1. pulmonary embolism
   - chest pain
   - dyspnea
   - tachycardia
   - lower bp
   - higher resp rate
2. hypovelemic shock
   - lower bp
   - more bleeding
   - increased thirst
   - weak pulse
   - clammy

Question 11

post-op complications: infection

Answer 11

• redness
• purulent drainage
• fever
• tachycardia
• leukocytosis

Question 12

post-op complications: integumentary

Answer 12

1. dehiscence: separation of incision

2. evisceration: organs exit through wound

Question 13

post-op complications: GI

Answer 13

1. gastric dilation
   - nausea and vomiting
   - abdominal distention
2. paralytic ileus
   - decreased bowel sounds
   - abdominal distention
   - nausea and vomiting
   - no stool or flatus

Question 14

post-op complications: respiratory

Answer 14

1. atelectasis
   - decreased O2 sat
   - decreased breath sounds
   - tachycardia
   - asymmetrical chest movement
2. pneumonia
   - rapid shallow resps
   - fever
   - productive cough
   - hypoxia
   - tachycardia

Question 15

post-op complications: urinary

Answer 15

urinary retention

• palpable bladder
• frequent, small amount voiding