lewis ch 41 upper GI problems Flashcards
3 precipitating causes of vomiting
- pathogenic (obstruction, viral)
- latrogenic (chemo, radiation, meds)
- pregnancy (morning sickness)
what does bright red emesis mean
active bleeding
what does coffee-ground emesis mean
old blood/lower GI bleed
what does fecal odor in vomit mean
backflow of intestinal content into stomach - typically lower GI obstruction
what imbalance could vomiting lead to
metabolic alkalosis
until a diagnosis is confirmed, what can you do for a vomiting patient
NPO status
IV fluids
possible NG suction
what increases patient risk for aspiration with vomiting
decreased LOC
flat HOB
health history factors for gastritis
gastric irritants smoking stress H. Pylori alcohol abuse
2 characteristics of gastritis
- epigastric tenderness
- GI discomfort (N/V, bloating, anorexia)
risk factors for GERD (7)
- obesity
- alcohol
- smoking
- meds
- caffeine
- spicy/fatty foods
- lying down after eating
characteristics of GERD (5)
- regurgitation
- pain radiates to back and neck
- heart burn
- dyspepsia
- burping, bloating and pain after meals
diet alterations for treating GERD
less of:
- fatty foods
- wine, alcohol
- spicy foods
- chocolate
- caffeine
nursing treatment for GERD (4)
- elevate HOB 30
- don’t lie down for 2-3 hours after eating
- don’t eat right before bed
- avoid factors that cause reflex (smoking, alcohol, caffeine, acidic foods)
what time of day should a patient take a PPI med for GERD
before first meal of day
antacids that contain _______ can cause constipation
aluminum