harding ch. 7 - sleep and sleep disorders

Question 1

how does chronic sleep loss affect the neurologic system

Answer 1

• cognitive impairment

- behavioral changes

Question 2

how does chronic sleep loss affect the immune system

Answer 2

impaired function

Question 3

how does chronic sleep loss affect the respiratory system

Answer 3

asthma exacerbated during sleep

Question 4

how does chronic sleep loss affect the cardiovascular system

Answer 4

• heart disease (hypertension, dysrhythmias)
• higher BP in people with hypertension
• stroke

Question 5

how does chronic sleep loss affect the gastrointestinal system

Answer 5

• increased risk of obesity

- increased GERD

Question 6

how does chronic sleep loss affect the endocrine system

Answer 6

• increased risk for type 2 diabetes
• increased insulin resistance
• decreased growth hormone

Question 7

what are some examples of practicing good sleep hygiene

Answer 7

• if you’re not asleep in 20 minutes, get out of bed and do a chill activity
• begin rituals that help you relax before bed
• avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol 4-6 hrs before bed
• make your room quiet, dark, cool
• set sleeping and wakening habits
• avoid strenuous exercise within 6 hrs of bed
• don’t go to bed hungry but don’t eat a big meal before

Question 8

what to assess when asking patient about sleep

Answer 8

• sleep history (duration and pattern)
• med history
• sleep aid use (dose, frequency, side effects)
• sleep diary
• diet (caffeine, alcohol, nicotine)

Question 9

what meds are considered first-line pharmacological treatment for insomnia

Answer 9

non-benzodiazepine hypnotics

Question 10

what are recommended implementations for insomnia

Answer 10

• sleep hygiene
• medication
• environmental changes
• avoid sleep deterrents

Question 11

what are recommended implementations for narcolepsy

Answer 11

• symptom management
• lifestyle impacts
• education (short naps, sleep hygiene, avoid big meals)

Question 12

what are recommended implementations for mild obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 12

• side sleeping
• raising head of bed
• no sedatives
• weight loss
• oral appliance

Question 13

what are recommended implementations for severe obstructive sleep apnea

Answer 13

• use of CPAP/BiPAP machine

- surgery

Question 14

what is the difference between a CPAP and BiPAP machine

Answer 14

CPAP: same positive pressure with inspiration and expiration
BiPAP: lower positive pressure during expiration