Lessons 4 - Exercise Physiology

Question 1

The amount of blood pumped during each heartbeat is called the…

Answer 1

Stroke volume

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 70

Question 2

The product of stroke volume and heart rate, and therefore is defined as the amount of blood
pumped per minute.

Answer 2

Cardiac output

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 70

Question 3

Very little of the __________ a person consumes is used for energy production.

Answer 3

Protein

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 71–72

Question 4

Which of the primary energy systems supplies enough energy for no more than 10 seconds of
all-out exertion?

Answer 4

Phosphagen system

The total amount of ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) stored in muscle is very small, and thus
the amount of energy available for muscular contraction is extremely limited. There is probably
enough energy available from the phosphagens for only about 10 seconds of all-out exertion, if
there were not continual resynthesis of ATP.

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 72

Question 5

Define Anaerobic Glycolysis

Answer 5

The anaerobic production of ATP from carbohydrate.

Question 6

At what stage of an exercise bout are phosphagen stores being replenished, remaining lactate
being removed from the blood, and the metabolic rate decreasing?

Answer 6

After the cessation of exercise

The energy produced after the cessation of exercise (excess postexercise oxygen consumption –
EPOC) is used to replenish the depleted phosphagens, to eliminate accumulated lactate if it has
not already been cleared from the blood, and to restore other homeostatic conditions (e.g.,
thermoregulation, tissue resynthesis). As the body returns to normal temperature, the
metabolic rate will return to normal.

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 79

Question 7

What is the following is an adaptation specifically seen with regular weightbearing exercise?

Answer 7

Increase in bone density

The concept of the SAID principle is that the body will adapt to the specific challenges imposed
upon it, as long as the program progressively overloads the system being trained. Studies have
shown that weightbearing exercise promotes improved bone density, which is a key factor in the
prevention of osteoporosis, particularly in women.

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 81–82

Question 8

Which hormone promotes triglyceride breakdown to aid in maintaining blood glucose?

Answer 8

Cortisol

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid and plays a major role in maintaining blood glucose during prolonged
exercise by promoting protein and triglyceride breakdown. Cortisol is also a major stress
hormone and is elevated when the body is under too much stress, either from too much
exercise or inadequate regeneration.

ACE’s Essentials of Exercise Science for Fitness Professionals, p. 84