Chapter 2, 3, & 4 - UNDERSTANDING COMMUNICATION, MOTIVATION & BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Question 1

Clients who are beginning the basics of a particular movement and are ready for specific feedback are in which stage of motor learning?

Answer 1

Associative

Why? In the associative stage of learning, clients begin to master the basics and are ready for more specific feedback that will help them refine the motor skill.

Question 2

Which behavioral theory model is based on a prediction that people engage in a health behavior depending on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem?

Answer 2

Health belief model

The health belief model predicts that people will engage in a health behavior (e.g., exercise) based on the perceived threat they feel regarding a health problem and the pros and cons of adopting the behavior.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 68

Question 3

A prospective client tells you that he has been going for 2-mile walks a couple of times each week for the past two months and that he joined the gym because he is finally ready to adopt a more structured workout regimen. What is this individual’s stage of change?

Answer 3

Preparation

Why?

The preparation stage is marked by some physical activity, as individuals are mentally and physically preparing to adopt an activity program. Activity during the preparation stage may be a sporadic walk, or even a periodic visit to the gym, but it is inconsistent. People in the preparation stage are ready to adopt and live an active lifestyle.

Question 4

Which of the following occurs when a positive stimulus that once followed a behavior is removed and the likelihood that the behavior will reoccur is decreased?

Answer 4

Extinction

Extinction occurs when a positive stimulus that once followed a behavior is removed and the likelihood that the behavior will reoccur is decreased.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 77

Question 5

Motivational interviewing is most commonly done during which stage of the client–trainer relationship?

Answer 5

Planning

Motivational interviewing refers to a method of speaking with people in a way that motivates them to make a decision to change their behavior. Motivational interviewing may help clients feel the need to become more active and make a decision to start exercising.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 53

Question 6

“I will perform a full-body resistance-training workout twice every week” is an example of which type of goal?

Answer 6

Process goal

A process goal is something that the client does, as opposed to something he or she achieves. Process goals are easy to track and provide short-term successes.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 50

Question 7

A personal trainer who is seeking clarification from a client by trying to restate the main points and feelings in a client’s communication is using which method of effective listening?

Answer 7

Reflecting

The personal trainer can use the listening technique of reflecting to demonstrate understanding or seek clarification by trying to restate the main points and feelings in the client’s communication. The client can correct a conclusion if it is wrong, or explore the reflection in more depth if it is correct. Reflections should help to move the conversation in productive directions as well as indicate effective listening.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 49

Question 8

Which of the following goals BEST represents the statement “I want to bicep curl 10lb dumbells for 10 repetitions by April”?

Answer 8

Product goal

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 50

Question 9

Approximately what percent of the US population meets both aerobic activity and muscle strengthening guidelines?

Answer 9

20%

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 26

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE

Adherence is defined as the psychological drive that gives behavior direction and purpose.

Answer 10

FALSE

For the purposes of a fitness professional, exercise adherence refers to voluntary and active involvement in an exercise program. Motivation is defined as the psychological drive that gives behavior direction and purpose.

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 26-27

Question 11

The potential determinants for physical activity can be broken down into three categories:

Answer 11

• Personal attributes
• Environmental factors
• Physical-activity factors

ACE Personal Trainer Manual, 5th edition, p. 33-36

Question 12

________ is the process by which behaviors are influenced by their consequences.

Answer 12

Operant Conditioning

Pg. 76 ACE Personal Training Manuel

Question 13

Antecedents can be manipulated in the environment to maximize the likelihood of desirable behaviors. This type of influence by antecedents on behavior is called __________

Answer 13

Stimulus Control

Pg 76 ACE Personal Trainer Manual

Question 14

________ refers to the process of using reinforcements to gradually achieve a target behavior.

Answer 14

Shaping

Pg. 77 ACE Personal Trainer Manual

Question 15

All people are influenced to some degree by the behaviors of people around them at home, at work, and in social environments.

What type of learning is this?

Answer 15

Observational Learning

Pg. 78 ACE Personal Trainer Manual

Question 16

Thoughts, or ______, can serve as great motivational tools, but they can also handicap an individual from achieving success if they are negative or discouraging in nature.

Answer 16

Cognitions

Pg. 78 ACE Personal Trainer Manual