Lesson 9 Notes

Question 1

1) Sound feminine plural ending

Answer 1

(same in J and N)

Question 2

2) *** First person pronoun (when “me” is the object of the verb)

Answer 2

2) *** First person pronoun (when “me” is the object of the verb): Usually its just “ـي” but a “ن” (‘noon of protection’ - نونُ الوِقايَة) is added in between the verb and “ي” so that the final vowel of the verb is not affected by the “ي” as then we would not be able to distinguish between m and f for instance, as the final sign would disappear.
You saw me - رأيتَني
Allah created me - جَلَكني اللهُ
The teacher asked me - سألني المدرسُ

Question 3

3) The ما of تَعَجُّبيَّة - wonder/amazement…

Answer 3

the verb is called فِعْلُ التَعَجُّبِ and has the form ما أَفْعَلَهُ. Can use the pronoun هُ or any other pronoun in the accusative, or replace it by a noun in the accusative (N!!! - can think of it as the Mafool Bihi of the hidden verb فعل).
How good you are!: !ما أَطْيَبَكَ
How poor she is! : !ما أفقَرهَا
How numerous the stars are! : َما أكثَرَ النُجُوم
How easy this lesson is! : َما أسْهَلَ الدَّرس

Question 4

4) يا -e -nida

Answer 4

4) We learnt that noun after يا -e -nida takes only one dhammah (“يا حامِدُ”). IF however the noun after يا is mudhaf, it is mansub (N ـَ ), and the mudhaaf-ilayhi takes kasra as per usual:
Oh daughter of Bilaal - يا بِنتَ بلالٍ
Oh sister of Muhammed - يا أُختَ محمدٍ
Oh our Lord - يا رَبَّنا
Oh Abu Bakr - يا أبا بَكرٍ (remember أبٌ asma-al-khamsa)

Question 5

5) We learnt that كَمْ is followed by singular noun in N, but if كَمْ is preceded by a preposition…

Answer 5

…the noun following it maybe N or J - both are allowed as the preposition causes J:
بِكَمْ ريالاً / ريالٍ هذا؟
في كمْ يَوْماً / في كمْ يَومٍ؟

Question 6

6) When the INTERROGATIVE ما is preceeded by a preposition….

Answer 6

..., the alif of ما is dropped: 
With what? = بِمَ = بِ + ما
For what? Why? = لِمَ = لِ + ما
From what? مِمَّ = مِنْ + ما (nun of مِنْ has been assimilated to the م of ما).
About what? = عَمَّ = عنْ + ما

Question 7

7) Relative pronouns in their plurals:

Answer 7

الَّذي - الَّذِينَ

الَّتي - اللاَّتي

Question 8

8) The particle أ turns a statement into a question. If أ is followed by ال then…

Answer 8

… the أ changes to آ.
Did the teacher tell you? - آلمُدرسُ قالَ لكَ؟
Did you see him today? آليومَ رَأيْتَهُ

Question 9

9) The final ى which is pronounced alif (alif maqsoora) is written as alif when…

Answer 9

… a genitive or accusative (J/N) pronoun is attached to it:
(its) meaning - مَعْنىً - مَعْناهُ
he ironed (it) - كوى - كواهُ

Question 10

10) If a number is used as an adjective…

Answer 10

… it comes after the ma’dud: e.g. the four books - الكُتُبُ الأرْبَعَةُ

Question 11

11) Syntax can be changed for emphasis:

Answer 11

Did you go to the principal? - أإلى المُدير ذهبتُمْ؟
Also:
I saw Bilal (no emphasis): رأيتُ بلالً
It was Bilal that I saw (with emphasis): بلالً رأيتُ
- the second contruction is used in case of doubt or denial!