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Anatomy > (Lesson 9) Lower Muscles > Flashcards

(Lesson 9) Lower Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

Paired muscle forming the outermost layer of the lateral abdominal wall;
compresses abdominal wall, rotates trunk

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2
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

Paired muscle forming the middle layer of the lateral abdomen;
Compresses abdomen similar to external oblique

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3
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

deepest muscle in abdominal area;

compresses abdominal wall

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4
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

runs vertically on the anterior medial portion of the abdominal wall;
compresses and allows lateral rotation of vertebral column

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5
Q

Linea Alba

A

vertical midline band of connective tissue within the abdominal wall

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6
Q

inguinal ligament

A

extends from crest of ilium to the pubic tubercle; derived from aponeurosispsoas major

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7
Q

psoas major

A

round muscle adjacent to iliacus;

flexes hip and rotates femur laterally, flexes vertebral column

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8
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

originates on iliac crest, located deep next to the kidneys;

extends lumbar spine

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9
Q

Erector Spinae

A

Composed of three muscle groups: Spinalis, logissimus, ilicostalis

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10
Q

Spinalis

A

originates on spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic,
inserts on spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae;
extends vertebral column

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11
Q

Longissimus

A

Originates on transverse process of vertebrae, except upper cervical,
Inserts on spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae;
Extends vertebral column

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12
Q

Iliocostals

A

Originates on ribs and crest of ilium,
inserts on posterior part of ribs and transverse process of cervical vertebrae;
Extends vertebral column

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13
Q

Serratus posterior, superior

A

located on the inferior and lateral portion of the back deep to the latissimus dorsi

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14
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A

located on the inferior and lateral portion of the back deep to the latissimus dorsi

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15
Q

Multifidius

A

very thin muscle that runs on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae from the sacrum to the axis;
originates on the sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, posterior superior iliac spine, and the iliac crest
inserts on the spinous processes;
Stabilizes the vertebrae

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16
Q

Medial Meniscus

A

C-shaped fibrocartilage located within the medial condyles providing cushion within the knee joint

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17
Q

lateral meniscus

A

C-shaped fibrocartilage located within the lateral condyles to provide cushion within the knee joint

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18
Q

anterior cruciate ligament

A

tendon connecting the posterior side of the femur to the anterior surface of the tibia preventing anterior sliding of the tibia

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19
Q

posterior cruciate ligament

A

tendon connecting the anterioinferior femur to the posterior tibia preventing posterior displacement of the tibia

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20
Q

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

A

tendon located on the lateral surface of the knee joint providing stability and prevents hyperadduction of the leg at the knee

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21
Q

medial (tibular) collateral ligament

A

tendon located on the medial surface of the knee joint providing stability and prevents hyperabduction of the leg at the knee

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22
Q

iliopsoas

A

composed of two muscles as they join at the inguinal ligament: iliacus/psoas major

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23
Q

iliacus

A

originates on iliac fossa;
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
flexes hip and rotates femur laterally, flexes vertebral column

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24
Q

psoas major

A

round muscle adjacent to iliacus;
origin: transverse process and bodies t12-L5
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
flexes hip and rotates femur laterally, flexes vertebral column

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25
Q

pectineus

A

small muscle medial to the iliopsoas;
origin: superior ramus of pubis
insertion: lesser trochanter of femur
adducts flexes and medially rotates leg

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26
Q

Sartorius

A

runs diagonally across anterior side of thigh from ilium to medial surface of tibial
origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: medial to tibial tuberosity (pes anserinus)
Flexes thigh and rotates leg laterally

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27
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

muscle located on the superior, lateral, aspect of the thigh,
origin: iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
inserts into the iliotibial tract;
abducts femur

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28
Q

iliotibial tract

A

fibrous band extending from iliac crest and gluteus maximus muscle down the lateral thigh to the lateral condyle of the tibial bone

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29
Q

Quadriceps femoris

A

Composed of 4 muscles: Rectus femoris, castus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis

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30
Q

Rectus femoris

A

runs vertically on anterior side of thigh;
origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
insertion: tibial tuberosity
extends knewe, flexes thigh

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31
Q

vastus lateralis

A

runs vertically on lateral side of thigh;
origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera
insertion: tibial tuberosity
extends lower leg

32
Q

vastus intermedius

A

directly beneath the rectus femoris;
origin: shaft of femur
insertion: tibial tuberosity
extends lower leg

33
Q

vastus medialis

A

runs vertically on medial side of thigh;
origin: inter trochanteric line and linea aspera
insertion: tibial tuberosity
extends lower leg

34
Q

gracilis

A

runs vertically from pubis along medial side of thigh to tibial
origin: inferior ramus and body of pubis
insertion: medial to tibial tuberosity (pes anserinus)
adducts thigh, flexes and rotates lower leg

35
Q

adductor longus

A

most superficial adductor on medial side of the thigh;

adducts, flexes, and externally rotates lower leg

36
Q

adductor brevis

A

small adductor between longus and magnusl

adducts, flexes, and externally rotates lower leg

37
Q

adductor magnus

A

largest adductor on medial side of thigh;

adducts, flexes and externally rotates lower leg

38
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial gluteal muscle;
origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx
insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and IT band
extends thigh

39
Q

gluteus medius

A

middle gluteal muscle;

abducts and rotates thigh medially

40
Q

gluteus minimus

A

deepest gluteal muscle; abducts thigh

41
Q

Deep Hip rotators

A

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, inferior gemellus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris

42
Q

piriformis

A

Deep Hip rotator
pyramidal muscle inferior to gluteus minimus;
rotates thigh laterally

43
Q

superior gemellus

A

Deep Hip rotator

inferior to the piriformis and runs from the ischial spine to the greater trochanter

44
Q

obturator internus

A

Deep Hip rotator

located inferior to the superior gamellus and aides in lateral rotation of the hip

45
Q

inferior gemellus

A

Deep Hip rotator
inferior to the obturator externus and runs from the ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter;
aids in lateral hip rotation

46
Q

obturator externus

A

Deep Hip rotator

deep to the quadratus femoris and aides in lateral hip rotation

47
Q

quadratus femoris

A

Deep Hip rotator

most inferior of the hip rotators

48
Q

hamstrings

A

muscles on the posterior side of thigh

49
Q

semimembranosus

A 
hamstring
most medial;
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial condyle of tibia
flexes lower leg, extends and medially rotates leg
50
Q

semitendonosus

A

hamstring
between the semimembranosus and biceps femoris
origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: medial to tibial tuberosity (pes anserinus)
flexes lower leg, extends and medially rotates thigh

51
Q

biceps femoris

A

hamstring
two-headed muscle, most lateral;
origin: ischial tuberosity and linea aspera
insertion: head of fibula
flexes lower leg, extends thigh, and medially rotates thigh

52
Q

pes anserinus

A

bony landmark medial to the tibial tuberosity; common tendonous insertion of gracilis, sartorius, and semi tendinosus

53
Q

Plantaris

A

small muscle in posterior side of knee;
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
insertion: calcaneus
plantar flexes foot and knee

54
Q

popliteus

A

deep muscle in the posterior region of the knee;
origin: lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of tibia
flexes and rotates knee

55
Q

gastrocnemius

A

calf muscle;
origin: medial and lateral epicondyles of femur
insertion: calcaneous (calcaneal tendon)
flexes foot and knee

56
Q

SOLEUS

A

beneath the gastrocnemius;
origin: shaft of tibia and fubula
insertion: calcaneus (calcaneal tendon)
plantar flexes foot

57
Q

calcaneal tendon

A

tendon that connects gastrocnemius, soleus, to calcaneus bone

58
Q

tibialis posterior

A

originates on tibia and fibula,
inserts on metatarsals;
inversion and plantar flexion of foot

59
Q

flexor digitorium longus

A

originates on posterior surface of the tibial
inserts on phalanges;
flexes digits

60
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

originates on posterior side of fibula,
inserts on hallux
flexes hallux

61
Q

peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

originates on tibia and fibula
inserts on first metatarsal;
flexes and everts foot

62
Q

peroneus (fibularis) brevis

A

originates on distal part of fibula
inserts on fifth metatarsal;
flexes and everts foot

63
Q

peroneus tertius

A

originates on anterior surface of fibula,
inserts on fifth metatarsal,
flexes and everts foot

64
Q

extensor digitorium longus

A

originates on tibia and fibula,
inserts on digits 2-5 (has 4 tendons);
extends and dorsiflexes digits/foot

65
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

originates on fibula,
inserts on distal phalanx of hallux,
extends hallux

66
Q

tibialis anterior

A

originates on lateral condyle of tibia,
inserts on first metatarsal
dorsiflexes and inverts foot

67
Q

extensor digitorium brevis

A

4-part muscle deep to the tendons of the extensor digitorium longus,
originates on the calcaceus
inserts in toes 2-5;
helps extend toes 2-5

68
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

medial muscle on the sole of the foot,
originates on the cuboid and lateral cuneiform
inserts on the medial and lateral sides of the great toe;
flexes great toe

69
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

narraow muscle on the lateral border of the sole,
originates on the calcaneus,
inserts on the lateral side of the little toe;
abducts and flexes little toe

70
Q

flexor digitorium brevis

A

wide, superficial muscle located in the middle of the sole of the foot,
originates on the calcaneus,
inserts on toes 2-5 ;
flexes toes 2-5

71
Q

abductor hallucis

A

lies along the medial border of the sole,
originates on the calcaneus,
inserts on the medial side of the great toe;
abducts and flexes great toe

72
Q

lumbricals

A

four small muscles in the sole of the foot,
originates on the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus,
inserts on the tendons of the extensor digitorum longus;
extends and flexes toes 2-5

73
Q

quadratus plantae

A

rectangular shaped muscles with two heads,
originates on the calcaneus,
inserts on the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus,
assits flexor digitorum longus in flexing toes 2-5

74
Q

adductor hallucis

A

two-headed muscle deep to the lumbricals,
originates on metatarsals 2-4, inserts on the lateral side of the great toe;
adducts and flexes great toe

75
Q

extensor hallucis brevis

A

muscle on top of the foot;
originates on the calcaneus,
inserts on the big toel
helps extend the great toe

76
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

muscle lies inferior to the fifth metatarsal;
originates on the fifth metatarsal,
inserts on the lateral side of the little toe
flexes little toe

Anatomy (25 decks)

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