(Lesson 8) Upper Muscles Flashcards
Epicranius
Group of muscles located above the skull
Frontalis of Epicranius
On the forehead, raises eyebrows
Occipitalis
On posterior aspect of skull, moves scalp posteriorly.
Galea aponeurotica (Epicranial aponeurosis)
Tendinous covering of the skull to which frontalis and occipitalis attach
Corrugator supercilii
inferior to the eyebrow, moves eyebrows medially
Orbicularis oculi
circumvents the eye. Squints the eye
nasalis
on nasal bone, closes nostrils
levator labii superioris
lateral to the nasalis, elevated corner of mouth and flares nostrils
zygomaticus
lateral to the levator labii superioris, elevates lateral part of mouth
Orbicularis Oris
circumvents the moth, closes lips as in kissing
buccinator
beneath the ramus of the mandible, compresses cheeks as in sucking
depressor anguli oris
Triangular shaped muscle extends from corner of mouth, pulls corner of mouth down in frown
depressor labii inferioris
inferior to the mouth and medial to the depressor angulii oris, pulls lower lip downward
mentalis
most medial muscle on chin, raises lower lip
temporalis
deep muscle on temporal bone, pulls mandible towards maxilla.
Origin: Temporal Bone
Insertion: Coronoid Process of mandible
Action: Elevates Mandible
masseter
inferior to the temporalis, elevates mandible with power.
Origin: Zygomatic Arch
Insertion: Coronoid process, angle of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible
medial pterygoid
runs vertically on inside of ramus of mandible, grinds
Origin: Maxilla, palatine, and medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: ramus of mandible
action: side to side mastication, elevates mandible
lateral pterygoid
runs horizontally superior to the medial pterygoid, grinds.
origin: greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insertion: condylar process of mandible
action: side to side mastication, depresses mandible
Platysma
Broad muscle which extends vertically down neck, pulls lower lip laterally and downward
Digastric
extends dorsoventrally under the chin, lowers the mandible. “two belly”
origin: mental protuberance, mastoid process
insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates hyoid
Mylohyoid
extends laterally under the chin, acts on the hyoid bone thereby aiding the swallowing process
origin: mandible
insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates hyoid
sternocleidomastoid
originates on clavicle and manubrium, inserts behind ear, rotates head
origin: sternum and clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
action: head flexion/rotation
splenius cervicis
a pair of muscles of the back and neck that originate on T3-T6 and insert on C1-C2. aid in roatation, bending and extension of the head and neck
splenius capitis
muscle located deep to the trapezius which provides lateral rotation of the head. Originates C7-T3/T4 and inserts into occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone.
semispinalis
muscle on the posterior head deep to the splenius capitis, which aids in lateral rotation of the head, contains capitis, cervicis, and thoracis regions.
Scalenes (anterior, medius, posterior)
deep group of three muscles on the lateral side of the neck. flexes neck, elevates first and second ribs, helps with forced inhalation
Suboccipitals
Deep to the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis, this is a group of four small muscles which include the rectus capitis posterior major/minor and obliquus capitis superior and inferior
Trapezius
large v-shaped muscle on upper back. Raises and adducts scapula
Origin: nuchal line, spinous process of C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
action: rotates and elevates scapula
levator scapulae
inserts on superior angle of scapula, adducts scapula
origin: transverse process of C1-C4
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: raises angle of scapula
Rhomboid major
rectangular muscle on upper back, elevates and retracts scapula. Diamond shaped
origin: spinous process of T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula
action retracts scapula
Rhomboid minor
Superior to rhomboid major, elevates and retracts scapula
origin: spinous process of C7-T1
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: retracts scapula
Serratus anterior
extends from upper posterior ribs towards medial border of scapula, draws scapula toward rib cage, also visible from posterior aspect
origin: ribs 1-8
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: protracts scapula
Latissimus dorsi
originates on the lower ribs and inserts on the humerus, medially rotates the humerus. “Widest part”
origin: spinous process T7-T12, ribs 8-12, iliac crest, thoracic columbar fascia
insertion: intertubercular groove
Supraspinatus
extends from the supraspinous fossa to humerus. Abducts humerus.
origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: abducts arm
Infraspinatus
originates on the infraspinous fossa. Rotates humerus laterally.
origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: adducts arm
subscapularis
on subscapular fossa. Major medial rotator of arm.
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
action: medially rotates arm
teres major
extends from lateral border of scapula to lesser humeral tubercle, medially rotates humerus.
origin: lateral border an inferior angle of scapula
insertion: intertubercular groove
action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm
teres minor
originates from the axillary border of the scapula inserts on humerus, extends and rotates humerus laterally.
origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: adducts arm
pectoralis major
major chest muscle. Adducts humerus medially.
origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6
insertion: intertubecular groove
action: adducts humerus
Pectoralis minor
small chest muscle deep to the pectoralis major. acts on scapula.
Origin: ribs 3-5
insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
action: stabilizes scapula
Deltoid
triangular shaped shoulder muscle. major abductor of humerus.
origin: clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
action: abducts, flexes and extends shoulder
coracobrachialis
small muscle in armpit region, flexes and adducts humerus synergistically with pectoralis major.
origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: middle medial shaft of humerus
action: adducts humerus
biceps brachii
two headed muscle on anterior side of the upper arm. Elbow flexor and forearm supinator
origin: supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process
insertion: radial tuberosity
action: flexes elbow joint, supinates forearm
brachialis
between triceps and biceps, flexes forearm.
origin: anterior shaft of humerus
insertion: coronoid process of ulna
action: flexion at elbow joint
Triceps brachii
three headed muscle on the posterior side of the upper arm. Extends forearm antagonistically to flexors.
origin: infraglenoid tubercle and shaft of humerus
insertion: olecranon process of ulna
action: extends and adducts arm
Anconeus
Short, triangular elbow muscle on the posterior side. Extends elbow joint and abducts ulna during pronation
Brachioradialis
originates on lateral ridge of humerus, inserts on the radius, adducts the forearm
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: styloid process of radius
action flexes/adducts forearm
extensor carpi radialis longus
originates on lateral ridge of humerus, inserts on second metacarpal. Abducts the hand. Wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
originates on lateral humeral epicondyle, inserts on third metacarpal. Abducts the hand.
abductor pollicis longus
originates on radius an ulna, inserts on first metacarpal. abducts thumb
extensor pollicis brevis
originates from the dorsal surface of the radius, extends the first phalanx of the thumb and abducts the hand.
extensor digitorium
originates on lateral humeral epicondyle, inserts, on digits, extends fingers.
extensor indicis
narrow muscle medial to an parallel with the extensor pollicis longus, originates on the posterior surface of the ulna, inserts on the tendon of the extensor digitorium of the index finger, extends distal and middle phalanges
extensoe digiti minimi
slender muscle on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorium, originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on the distal and middle phalanges of each finger, extends proximal phalanx of little finger
extensor carpi ulnaris
originates on the olecrannon process of the ulna, inserts on fifth metacarpal, adducts wrist.
Flexor digitorium profundus
originates on proximal 2/3 of ulna, inserts on four distal phalanges, flexes wrist and digits
Flexor carpi ulnaris
originates on the humerus and ulna, inserts on carpals and metacarpals, flexes wrist with power.
palmaris longus
originates on medial humeral epicondyle, inserts on palmar aponeurosis, flexes wrist weakly
flexor digitorium superficialis
originates on humerus, ulna and radius, inserts on middle phlanges of four digits, flexes wrist, hand and digits
flexor carpi radialis
originates on humerus, inserts on metacarpals, flexes wrist and abducts hand
flexor pollicis longus
originates on radius and ulna, inserts on thumb, flexes thumb distally
pronator teres
originates on humerus, inserts on radius, pronates forearm/hand
origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
insertion lateral surface of radius
action: supinates forearm and wrist
supinator
two heads, one originates on ulna and the other on the humerus, inserts laterally on radius, supinates forearm
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and supinator crest
insertion: lateral surface of radius
action: supinate forearm and wrist
pronator quadratua
originates on ulna, inserts on radius, pronates forearm/hand
Flexor pollicis brevis
short, wide muscle that is medial to the abductor pollicis brevis, originates on the trapezium, capitate, and trapezoid, inserts on the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, flexes thumb
abductor pollicis brevis
short, flat superficial thenar muscle, originates on the scaphoid and trapezium, inserts on the lateral side of the thumb. Abducts thumb
opponens pollicis
small, triangular muscle on the lateral side of the thumb, originates on trapezium, inserts on the lateral side of thumb. opposes other fingers
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
wide, short muscle that is lateral to the abductor digiti minimi muscle, originates on the hamate, inserts on the medial side of the little finger, flexes the little finger
abductor digiti minimi
short, wide muscle on the lateral side of the palm, originates on the pisiform, inserts on the medial side of the little finger, abducts and flexes the little finger
opponens digiti minimi
triangular muscle deep to the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi brevis. originates on the hamate, inserts on the medial side of the little finger, opposes thumb.
lumbricals
four slender, worm-like muscles in the palm of the hand. originates on the lateral sides of the tendons of the flexor digitorium profundus, inserts on the tendons of the extensor digitorium on proximal phalanges of each finger. flexes and extends each finger.
