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Anatomy > (Lesson 8) Upper Muscles > Flashcards

(Lesson 8) Upper Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Epicranius

A

Group of muscles located above the skull

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2
Q

Frontalis of Epicranius

A

On the forehead, raises eyebrows

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3
Q

Occipitalis

A

On posterior aspect of skull, moves scalp posteriorly.

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4
Q

Galea aponeurotica (Epicranial aponeurosis)

A

Tendinous covering of the skull to which frontalis and occipitalis attach

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5
Q

Corrugator supercilii

A

inferior to the eyebrow, moves eyebrows medially

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6
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

circumvents the eye. Squints the eye

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7
Q

nasalis

A

on nasal bone, closes nostrils

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8
Q

levator labii superioris

A

lateral to the nasalis, elevated corner of mouth and flares nostrils

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9
Q

zygomaticus

A

lateral to the levator labii superioris, elevates lateral part of mouth

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10
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

circumvents the moth, closes lips as in kissing

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11
Q

buccinator

A

beneath the ramus of the mandible, compresses cheeks as in sucking

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12
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

Triangular shaped muscle extends from corner of mouth, pulls corner of mouth down in frown

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13
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

inferior to the mouth and medial to the depressor angulii oris, pulls lower lip downward

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14
Q

mentalis

A

most medial muscle on chin, raises lower lip

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15
Q

temporalis

A

deep muscle on temporal bone, pulls mandible towards maxilla.

Origin: Temporal Bone
Insertion: Coronoid Process of mandible
Action: Elevates Mandible

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16
Q

masseter

A

inferior to the temporalis, elevates mandible with power.

Origin: Zygomatic Arch
Insertion: Coronoid process, angle of mandible
Action: Elevates mandible

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17
Q

medial pterygoid

A

runs vertically on inside of ramus of mandible, grinds

Origin: Maxilla, palatine, and medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: ramus of mandible
action: side to side mastication, elevates mandible

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18
Q

lateral pterygoid

A

runs horizontally superior to the medial pterygoid, grinds.

origin: greater wing of sphenoid and lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insertion: condylar process of mandible
action: side to side mastication, depresses mandible

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19
Q

Platysma

A

Broad muscle which extends vertically down neck, pulls lower lip laterally and downward

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20
Q

Digastric

A

extends dorsoventrally under the chin, lowers the mandible. “two belly”

origin: mental protuberance, mastoid process
insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates hyoid

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21
Q

Mylohyoid

A

extends laterally under the chin, acts on the hyoid bone thereby aiding the swallowing process

origin: mandible
insertion: hyoid bone
action: elevates hyoid

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22
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

originates on clavicle and manubrium, inserts behind ear, rotates head

origin: sternum and clavicle
insertion: mastoid process
action: head flexion/rotation

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23
Q

splenius cervicis

A

a pair of muscles of the back and neck that originate on T3-T6 and insert on C1-C2. aid in roatation, bending and extension of the head and neck

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24
Q

splenius capitis

A

muscle located deep to the trapezius which provides lateral rotation of the head. Originates C7-T3/T4 and inserts into occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone.

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25
Q

semispinalis

A

muscle on the posterior head deep to the splenius capitis, which aids in lateral rotation of the head, contains capitis, cervicis, and thoracis regions.

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26
Q

Scalenes (anterior, medius, posterior)

A

deep group of three muscles on the lateral side of the neck. flexes neck, elevates first and second ribs, helps with forced inhalation

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27
Q

Suboccipitals

A

Deep to the splenius capitis and semispinalis capitis, this is a group of four small muscles which include the rectus capitis posterior major/minor and obliquus capitis superior and inferior

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28
Q

Trapezius

A

large v-shaped muscle on upper back. Raises and adducts scapula

Origin: nuchal line, spinous process of C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
action: rotates and elevates scapula

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29
Q

levator scapulae

A

inserts on superior angle of scapula, adducts scapula

origin: transverse process of C1-C4
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: raises angle of scapula

30
Q

Rhomboid major

A

rectangular muscle on upper back, elevates and retracts scapula. Diamond shaped

origin: spinous process of T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula
action retracts scapula

31
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Superior to rhomboid major, elevates and retracts scapula

origin: spinous process of C7-T1
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: retracts scapula

32
Q

Serratus anterior

A

extends from upper posterior ribs towards medial border of scapula, draws scapula toward rib cage, also visible from posterior aspect

origin: ribs 1-8
insertion: medial border of scapula
action: protracts scapula

33
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

originates on the lower ribs and inserts on the humerus, medially rotates the humerus. “Widest part”

origin: spinous process T7-T12, ribs 8-12, iliac crest, thoracic columbar fascia
insertion: intertubercular groove

34
Q

Supraspinatus

A

extends from the supraspinous fossa to humerus. Abducts humerus.

origin: supraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: abducts arm

35
Q

Infraspinatus

A

originates on the infraspinous fossa. Rotates humerus laterally.

origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: adducts arm

36
Q

subscapularis

A

on subscapular fossa. Major medial rotator of arm.

origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
action: medially rotates arm

37
Q

teres major

A

extends from lateral border of scapula to lesser humeral tubercle, medially rotates humerus.

origin: lateral border an inferior angle of scapula
insertion: intertubercular groove
action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

38
Q

teres minor

A

originates from the axillary border of the scapula inserts on humerus, extends and rotates humerus laterally.

origin: lateral border of scapula
insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
action: adducts arm

39
Q

pectoralis major

A

major chest muscle. Adducts humerus medially.

origin: clavicle, sternum, ribs 2-6
insertion: intertubecular groove
action: adducts humerus

40
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

small chest muscle deep to the pectoralis major. acts on scapula.

Origin: ribs 3-5

insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
action: stabilizes scapula

41
Q

Deltoid

A

triangular shaped shoulder muscle. major abductor of humerus.

origin: clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
action: abducts, flexes and extends shoulder

42
Q

coracobrachialis

A

small muscle in armpit region, flexes and adducts humerus synergistically with pectoralis major.

origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: middle medial shaft of humerus
action: adducts humerus

43
Q

biceps brachii

A

two headed muscle on anterior side of the upper arm. Elbow flexor and forearm supinator

origin: supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process
insertion: radial tuberosity
action: flexes elbow joint, supinates forearm

44
Q

brachialis

A

between triceps and biceps, flexes forearm.

origin: anterior shaft of humerus
insertion: coronoid process of ulna
action: flexion at elbow joint

45
Q

Triceps brachii

A

three headed muscle on the posterior side of the upper arm. Extends forearm antagonistically to flexors.

origin: infraglenoid tubercle and shaft of humerus
insertion: olecranon process of ulna
action: extends and adducts arm

46
Q

Anconeus

A

Short, triangular elbow muscle on the posterior side. Extends elbow joint and abducts ulna during pronation

47
Q

Brachioradialis

A

originates on lateral ridge of humerus, inserts on the radius, adducts the forearm

origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion: styloid process of radius
action flexes/adducts forearm

48
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

originates on lateral ridge of humerus, inserts on second metacarpal. Abducts the hand. Wrist.

49
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

originates on lateral humeral epicondyle, inserts on third metacarpal. Abducts the hand.

50
Q

abductor pollicis longus

A

originates on radius an ulna, inserts on first metacarpal. abducts thumb

51
Q

extensor pollicis brevis

A

originates from the dorsal surface of the radius, extends the first phalanx of the thumb and abducts the hand.

52
Q

extensor digitorium

A

originates on lateral humeral epicondyle, inserts, on digits, extends fingers.

53
Q

extensor indicis

A

narrow muscle medial to an parallel with the extensor pollicis longus, originates on the posterior surface of the ulna, inserts on the tendon of the extensor digitorium of the index finger, extends distal and middle phalanges

54
Q

extensoe digiti minimi

A

slender muscle on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorium, originates on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on the distal and middle phalanges of each finger, extends proximal phalanx of little finger

55
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris

A

originates on the olecrannon process of the ulna, inserts on fifth metacarpal, adducts wrist.

56
Q

Flexor digitorium profundus

A

originates on proximal 2/3 of ulna, inserts on four distal phalanges, flexes wrist and digits

57
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

originates on the humerus and ulna, inserts on carpals and metacarpals, flexes wrist with power.

58
Q

palmaris longus

A

originates on medial humeral epicondyle, inserts on palmar aponeurosis, flexes wrist weakly

59
Q

flexor digitorium superficialis

A

originates on humerus, ulna and radius, inserts on middle phlanges of four digits, flexes wrist, hand and digits

60
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

originates on humerus, inserts on metacarpals, flexes wrist and abducts hand

61
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

originates on radius and ulna, inserts on thumb, flexes thumb distally

62
Q

pronator teres

A

originates on humerus, inserts on radius, pronates forearm/hand

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
insertion lateral surface of radius
action: supinates forearm and wrist

63
Q

supinator

A

two heads, one originates on ulna and the other on the humerus, inserts laterally on radius, supinates forearm

origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and supinator crest
insertion: lateral surface of radius
action: supinate forearm and wrist

64
Q

pronator quadratua

A

originates on ulna, inserts on radius, pronates forearm/hand

65
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

short, wide muscle that is medial to the abductor pollicis brevis, originates on the trapezium, capitate, and trapezoid, inserts on the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, flexes thumb

66
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

short, flat superficial thenar muscle, originates on the scaphoid and trapezium, inserts on the lateral side of the thumb. Abducts thumb

67
Q

opponens pollicis

A

small, triangular muscle on the lateral side of the thumb, originates on trapezium, inserts on the lateral side of thumb. opposes other fingers

68
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

wide, short muscle that is lateral to the abductor digiti minimi muscle, originates on the hamate, inserts on the medial side of the little finger, flexes the little finger

69
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

short, wide muscle on the lateral side of the palm, originates on the pisiform, inserts on the medial side of the little finger, abducts and flexes the little finger

70
Q

opponens digiti minimi

A

triangular muscle deep to the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi brevis. originates on the hamate, inserts on the medial side of the little finger, opposes thumb.

71
Q

lumbricals

A

four slender, worm-like muscles in the palm of the hand. originates on the lateral sides of the tendons of the flexor digitorium profundus, inserts on the tendons of the extensor digitorium on proximal phalanges of each finger. flexes and extends each finger.

Anatomy (25 decks)

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