(Lesson 6) Articulations, Movements, and more joint info Flashcards
Synarthroses (Articulation Function)
Immovable Joints
Amphiarthroses (Articulation Function)
Slightly movable joints
Dairthroses (Articulation Function)
Freely movable joints
Fibrous joints
Bones are connected by fibrous tissue. Namely Dense Regular connective tissue. No joint cavity. Mostly synarthroses or amphiarthroses. Types are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.
Sutures (Fibrous Joint)
“seams” Tightly bound by minimal fibrous tissue.
Syndesmoses (Fibrous Joint)
Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments. Movement depends on length of connecting fibers. Can be anything from Synarthrotic to Diarthrotic. Conntects distal ends of tibia and fibula
Gomphoses (Fibrous Joint)
A peg-in-socket joint. Example: Tooth with its socket. Connected by short periodontal ligament.
Cartilaginous Joints
Bones united by cartilage. Lack joint cavity. Are not highly movable.
Synchondroses (Cartilage Joint)
Hyaline cartilage unites bone. Highly immovable. Epiphyseal plates and sternum connected to ribs through this.
Symphyses (Cartilage Joint)
Fibrocartilage unites the bone. Intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis. Hyaline cartilage is also present on articular cartilage. Slightly movable joints-amphiarthroses.
Synovial Joints
The most movable joints of the body. All are diathroses. Each contains a fluid-filled joint cavity. Most joints of the body are in this class, especially limb joints.
Plane or Gliding Joints (Synovial Joints)
Articular surface is flat plane. Only short gliding movements are allowed. Intertarsal/intercarpal joints.
Hinge Joint (Synovial Joints)
Cylindrical end of bone fits into trough shaped surface on another. Angular movement allowed in one direction. Elbow, Ankle, Phalange. Uniaxial.
Pivot Joints (Synovial Joints)
Rounded End of one bone fits into a ring that is formed by the other bone plus encircling ligament. Uniaxial. Proximal radioulnar joint. Joint between atlas and dens of axis.
Condyloid Joints (Synovial)
Knuckle like. Egg shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another. Can move from side to side and back and forth, but cannot rotate. Biaxial. Knuckles (metacarpalphalangeal joint)
Saddle Joint (Synovial)
Same movement as condyloid. Biaxial.
Ball and Socket Joint (Synovial)
Spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of other. Multiaxial. Shoulder and hip.
Flexion
bending that decreases the angle between bones. Usually occurs on sagittal plane. Bending neck or trunk forward.
Extension, Hyperextension
Reverse of flexion, occurs at same joints. Increases the angle between the joining bones and is a straightening action. ex: straightening fingers after making a fist.
Hyperextension would be bending a joint back beyond normal range of motion.
Abduction
Moving away. Moving limb away from midline. Raising arm or thigh laterally. Spreading fingers or toes apart.
Adduction
movement of limb toward the body midline, or fingers/toes towards midline of hand or foot.
Circumduction
Moving in a circle. Moving a limb or finger so it describes a cone in space. Combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession. Shoulder/hip joints.
Rotation
turning movement of bone around its own long axis. Occurs at hip and shoulder, along with first two cervical vertebrae.
Supination
forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly in standard anatomical position.
Pronation
forearm rotates medially so that palm faces posteriorly. Brings the radius across the ulna so bones form an X.
Dorsiflexion
Lifting the foot so it’s superior surface approaches the shin.
Plantar flexion
depressing the foot and pointing the toes
Inversion
Turn sole medially
Eversion
turn sole laterally
Protraction
Non angular movement anteriorly. Jutting out jaw
Retraction
non angular movement posteriorly. bringing back jutted out jaw
Elevation
lifting a body part superiorly. Chewing.
Depression
moving elevated body part inferiorly. Chewing.
Opposition
move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand.
