(Lesson 6) Articulations, Movements, and more joint info

Question 1

Synarthroses (Articulation Function)

Answer 1

Immovable Joints

Question 2

Amphiarthroses (Articulation Function)

Answer 2

Slightly movable joints

Question 3

Dairthroses (Articulation Function)

Answer 3

Freely movable joints

Question 4

Fibrous joints

Answer 4

Bones are connected by fibrous tissue. Namely Dense Regular connective tissue. No joint cavity. Mostly synarthroses or amphiarthroses. Types are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

Question 5

Sutures (Fibrous Joint)

Answer 5

“seams” Tightly bound by minimal fibrous tissue.

Question 6

Syndesmoses (Fibrous Joint)

Answer 6

Bones are connected exclusively by ligaments. Movement depends on length of connecting fibers. Can be anything from Synarthrotic to Diarthrotic. Conntects distal ends of tibia and fibula

Question 7

Gomphoses (Fibrous Joint)

Answer 7

A peg-in-socket joint. Example: Tooth with its socket. Connected by short periodontal ligament.

Question 8

Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 8

Bones united by cartilage. Lack joint cavity. Are not highly movable.

Question 9

Synchondroses (Cartilage Joint)

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage unites bone. Highly immovable. Epiphyseal plates and sternum connected to ribs through this.

Question 10

Symphyses (Cartilage Joint)

Answer 10

Fibrocartilage unites the bone. Intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis. Hyaline cartilage is also present on articular cartilage. Slightly movable joints-amphiarthroses.

Question 11

Synovial Joints

Answer 11

The most movable joints of the body. All are diathroses. Each contains a fluid-filled joint cavity. Most joints of the body are in this class, especially limb joints.

Question 12

Plane or Gliding Joints (Synovial Joints)

Answer 12

Articular surface is flat plane. Only short gliding movements are allowed. Intertarsal/intercarpal joints.

Question 13

Hinge Joint (Synovial Joints)

Answer 13

Cylindrical end of bone fits into trough shaped surface on another. Angular movement allowed in one direction. Elbow, Ankle, Phalange. Uniaxial.

Question 14

Pivot Joints (Synovial Joints)

Answer 14

Rounded End of one bone fits into a ring that is formed by the other bone plus encircling ligament. Uniaxial. Proximal radioulnar joint. Joint between atlas and dens of axis.

Question 15

Condyloid Joints (Synovial)

Answer 15

Knuckle like. Egg shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another. Can move from side to side and back and forth, but cannot rotate. Biaxial. Knuckles (metacarpalphalangeal joint)

Question 16

Saddle Joint (Synovial)

Answer 16

Same movement as condyloid. Biaxial.

Question 17

Ball and Socket Joint (Synovial)

Answer 17

Spherical head of one bone fits into round socket of other. Multiaxial. Shoulder and hip.

Question 18

Flexion

Answer 18

bending that decreases the angle between bones. Usually occurs on sagittal plane. Bending neck or trunk forward.

Question 19

Extension, Hyperextension

Answer 19

Reverse of flexion, occurs at same joints. Increases the angle between the joining bones and is a straightening action. ex: straightening fingers after making a fist.

Hyperextension would be bending a joint back beyond normal range of motion.

Question 20

Abduction

Answer 20

Moving away. Moving limb away from midline. Raising arm or thigh laterally. Spreading fingers or toes apart.

Question 21

Adduction

Answer 21

movement of limb toward the body midline, or fingers/toes towards midline of hand or foot.

Question 22

Circumduction

Answer 22

Moving in a circle. Moving a limb or finger so it describes a cone in space. Combines flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession. Shoulder/hip joints.

Question 23

Rotation

Answer 23

turning movement of bone around its own long axis. Occurs at hip and shoulder, along with first two cervical vertebrae.

Question 24

Supination

Answer 24

forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly in standard anatomical position.

Question 25

Pronation

Answer 25

forearm rotates medially so that palm faces posteriorly. Brings the radius across the ulna so bones form an X.

Question 26

Dorsiflexion

Answer 26

Lifting the foot so it’s superior surface approaches the shin.

Question 27

Plantar flexion

Answer 27

depressing the foot and pointing the toes

Question 28

Inversion

Answer 28

Turn sole medially

Question 29

Eversion

Answer 29

turn sole laterally

Question 30

Protraction

Answer 30

Non angular movement anteriorly. Jutting out jaw

Question 31

Retraction

Answer 31

non angular movement posteriorly. bringing back jutted out jaw

Question 32

Elevation

Answer 32

lifting a body part superiorly. Chewing.

Question 33

Depression

Answer 33

moving elevated body part inferiorly. Chewing.

Question 34

Opposition

Answer 34

move thumb to touch the tips of other fingers on the same hand.