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Anatomy > (Lesson 11) Central Nervous System Lab > Flashcards

(Lesson 11) Central Nervous System Lab Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Composed of the brain and the spinal cord

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2
Q

Gray matter

A

surrounds the hollow central cavity of CNS. The site where neuron cell bodies are clustered (along with dendrites, short unmyelinated axons, and neuroglia)

H-Shaped region in the spinal cord. Dorsal half contains cell bodies of interneurons and ventral half contains cell bodies of motor neurons.

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3
Q

white matter

A

External to gray matter. Contains no cell bodies but composed of tracts of myelinated nerve fibers (millions of axons). White comes from myelin sheaths.

located beneath the cortex in brain and descend to spinal cord or vice versa to allow two CNS regions to communicate with each other.

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4
Q

Cerebrum

A

the large, main superior component of the brain in charge of memory and reason, is divided into hemispheres, and further into five lobes

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5
Q

cerebral gyrus

A

Twisted ridges and elevations of brain tissue on the cortical surface of the brain.

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6
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

the right and left halves of the cerebrum

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7
Q

left hemisphere

A

memorizing, analytical and verbal skills

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8
Q

right hemisphere

A

pondering and solving

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9
Q

frontal lobe

A

comprises most of the anterior half of the cerebrum in charge of personality and contraction of skeletal muscle

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10
Q

parietal lobe

A

the top, posterior portion of the cerebrum, associated with speech, emotions, and visual interpretations

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11
Q

temporal lobe

A

the lateral portion of the cerebrum, associated with memory, hearing and visual activities

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12
Q

insula lobe

A

found deep beneath the lateral sulcus, function somewhat unknown

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13
Q

occipital lobe

A

most posterior portion of the cerebrum, associated with interpretation of usual images and eye movement

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14
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

deep groove that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres, follows the sagittal sututre line

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15
Q

central sulcus

A

divides the brain in a coronal section, separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobes

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16
Q

corpus callosum

A

a commissure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, unifying awareness between them.

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17
Q

genu (corpus callosum)

A

anterior portion if the corpus callosum

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18
Q

splenium (corpus callosum)

A

posterior portion of the corpus callosum

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19
Q

thalamus

A

paired organ lateral and superior to third ventricle of the diencephalon, receives and sends impulses to precise locations within the cerebral lobes for interpretation. Every part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must relay it’s signal through the nucleus of the Thalamus.

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20
Q

interthalamic adhesion (intermediate mass)

A

a small, midline commissure connecting the right and left thalamus

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21
Q

hypothalamus

A

“master gland” located within the floor of the diencephalon or third ventricle

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22
Q

epithalamus

A

forms posterior root of diencephalon and covers third ventricle

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23
Q

infundibulum

A

the stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus

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24
Q

pituitary gland

A

a small endocrine gland projecting inferiorly from the hypothalamus and situated in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

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25
Q

mammillary body

A

two nodes located inferior to the third ventricle and superior and anterior to the pons, function a a relay center for olfactory sensations

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26
Q

pineal gland (body)

A

a small hormone secreting gland in the posterior portion of the epithalamus, third ventricle superior to the corpora quadrigemina of the mid brain. (pine cone shaped)

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27
Q

hippocampus

A

located in the medial temporal lobe underneath the cortical surface, has the shape of a curved tube, makes up part of the limbic system; plays a role in spatial navigation and long term memory

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28
Q

brain stem

A

consists of mid-brain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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29
Q

midbrain

A

consists of the cerebral peduncles anteriorly and the corpora quadrigemina posteriorly

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30
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

vertical pillars superior to the pons that form the ventral portion of the midbrain

31
Q

corpora quadrigemina

A

four rounded elevations that form, in part, the dorsal portion of the midbrain

32
Q

superior colliculus

A

larger than the inferior colliculus, responsible for visual reflexes. ie turning head when we see something out of the corner of our eye

33
Q

inferior colliculus

A

responsible for auditory reflexes such as turning our heads towards a startling sound

34
Q

pons

A

a mound inferior to the brain, caudal to the midbrain, contains respiratory centers. bridge

35
Q

medulla oblongata

A

portion of the brainstem between the pons and spinal cord, regulates breathing, heart beat, and blood pressure

36
Q

cerebellar peduncles

A

white matter tracts linking the cerebellum with the pons; the cerebellum receives motor movement information via this connection

37
Q

cerebellum

A

relatively large posteriorly, inferior region of the brain involved in coordination and equilibrium. Little brain. Smooths and coordinates body movements that are directed by other brain regions and helps maintain posture and equilibrium.

38
Q

cerebellar hemispheres

A

each half of the cerebllum

39
Q

vermis

A

central area between the cerebellar hemispheres (worm)

40
Q

arbor vitae

A

portion of the cerebellum composed of white matter, viewed in sagittal section. Tree of life.

41
Q

Meninges

A

three distinct membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord for protection and for accommodation of blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid. Membrane.

42
Q

Dura Mater

A

outermost membrane in direct contact with the bones of the skull; which extends into the longitudinal fissure of the brain and attaches to the crista galli, is called falx cerebri. Tough mother

43
Q

arachnoid matter

A

a net-like membrane located between the dura mater and the pia mater. spider-like.

44
Q

pia mater

A

highly vascularized membrane which attaches directly to the brain and spinal cord and follows the contours, support the blood vessels that supply the brain and spinal cord, contributes to choroid plexus

45
Q

Vertebral Arteries

A

Paired arteries originating from the subclavian arteries, passing through the foramen magnum, uniting to form the basilary artery

46
Q

Basilar Arteries

A

central artery anterior to brain stem that branches to cerebellum, pons and inner ear

47
Q

internal carotid arteries

A

paired arteries originating from the common carotid arteries, passing through the carotid canal of the temporal bone

48
Q

Cerebral arterial circle of willis

A

series of vessels that encircle the pituitary gland, uniting anterior and posterior circulations

49
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

CSF

A clear fluid found in the ventricles, central canal of the spinal cord, and subcranial space; serves as a protective cushion and source of nourishment to the brain

50
Q

lateral ventricles

A

paired chambers located deep within each hemisphere below the corpus callosum

51
Q

septum pellucidum

A

a vertical membranous wall just inferior to the body of the corpus callosum

52
Q

third ventricle

A

narrow ventricle located in the diencephalon between the thalami

53
Q

mesencephalic (cerebral) aqueduct

A

canal-like structure that connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

54
Q

fourth ventricle

A

located in the brain stem posterior to the pons and anterior to the cerebellum, connects with the central canal of the spinal cord

55
Q

choroid plexus

A

a cluster of capillaries found lining the ventricles; produces cerebral spinal fluid

56
Q

Anterior median fissure

A

a groove running the length of the spinal cord on the anterior aspect

57
Q

posterior median sulcus

A

a groove running the length of spinal cord of the posterior aspect

58
Q

gray matter

A

found on the inner potion of the spinal cord, is a muxture of unmyelinated association neurons , nerve cell bodies and neuroglia, forms the letter “H” in a cross section

59
Q

white matter

A

outer portion of the spinal cord composed primarily of myelinated axons of sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) neurons

60
Q

central canal

A

a canal that runs down the middle of the spinal column within the gray commissure and is filled with cerebral spinal fluid

61
Q

anterior horns

A

the anterior arms of the inner portion of the spinal cord that contain cell bodies somatic motor cells and interneurons.

62
Q

lateral horns

A

the lateral arms of the inner portion of the spinal cord that contain cell bodies of visceral motor cells and interneurons.

63
Q

posterior horns

A

posterior arms of the inner portion of the spinal cord that contain cell bodies interneurons recieving input from somatic and visceral sensory neurons

64
Q

anterior funiculi

A

the anterior columns of the white matter of the spinal cord containing fiber tracts

65
Q

lateral funiculi

A

the lateral colums of the white matter of the spinal cord containing fiber tracts

66
Q

posterior funiculi

A

the posterior columns of the white matter of the spinal cord containing fiber tracts

67
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

a bundle of sensory afferent nerve cell bodies

68
Q

reflex arc

A

an automatic response by the nervous system to protect the body or to return a system to homeostasis (maintenance of constant conditions within the body)

69
Q

Anatomy of reflec arc

A

receptor, sensory (afferent) neuron, association (inter) neuron, motor (efferent) neuron, and an effector

70
Q

Receptor

(reflex arc)

A

the electrical impulse is initiated here and then sent to the cns, an example is the dendritic ending associated with the skin

71
Q

sensory (afferent) neuron

(reflex arc)

A

conducts an impulse from a receptor organ such as the skin to the spinal cord

72
Q

association (inter) neuron

(reflex arc)

A

associated with the center of the reflec arc, the actual sensory-motor arc is made here

73
Q

motor (efferent) neuoron

(reflex arc)

A

conducts the impulse away from the cns to the effector organ such as a muscle or gland

74
Q

effector

(reflex arc)

A

receives the impulse from the motor neuron and then responds, an example is a muscle

Anatomy (25 decks)

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