Lesson 7.2 Enzymes Flashcards
Define enzyme
a catalyst that performs chemical reactions
Define substrate
reactant that binds to enzyme
Define active site
where substrate fits into enzyme
Define activation energy
minimum energy required that activates chemical reactions
What are the properties of enzymes?
- Reaction specific
- Made of proteins
- Affected by cellular conditions
Explain enzyme concentration and reaction rate relationship.
Enzyme concentration grows with reaction rate and eventually levels off as the amount of substrates isn’t enough can’t support amount of enzymes.
Explain substrate concentration and reaction rate relationship.
Substrate concentration grows with reaction rate and eventually levels off as the amount of enzymes maximizes and isn’t enough for substrates to react with.
Explain temperature and reaction rate relationship.
At first, the collisions of enzymes and substrates are successful as temperature gradually increases however when temperature peaks, denaturation occurs to the enzymes and hinders reactions.
Explain pH and reaction rate relationship.
If the pH is too acidic, it causes denaturation and if pH is too basic,denaturation can also occur.
How would you maximize enzyme activity considering all of the factors discussed in class? Minimize?
Enzyme activity can be maximized by an increase in temperature and substrate concentration. It can be minimized by a decrease in temperature which slows down speed of collisions with substrates,and the addition of an inhibitor.
Compare and contrast inhibition and activation of enzymes.
Activators maintain or change the active site.When activators bind to enzymes, they alter the active site so the substrate can fit and a reaction can occur. Inhibitors reduce enzyme activity. Competitive inhibitors interfere with active site by attaching and preventing substrate from binding to enzyme. Allosteric inhibitors change the shape of the active site so it can’t bind to substrate.
