Lesson 6.1 Flashcards
Explain the structure of the functional group: hydroxoyl
an oxygen atom with two lone pairs bonded to a hydrogen atom.
(-OH, polar)
Explain the structure of the functional group: carbonyl
a double bond linking a carbonyl carbon atom and a carbonyl oxygen atom. (-COH,-CO-, polar)
Explain the structure of the functional group: carboxyl
a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl group.(-COOH,negative charge)
Explain the structure of the functional group: amino
one nitrogen and two hydrogens bonded together through single covalent bonds.(-NH2,positive charge)
Explain the structure of the functional group: sulfhydryl
contains a sulfur-hydrogen bond.(-SH, slightly polar)
Explain the structure of the functional group: phosphate
a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms (three single bonds and one double bond).(-PO4,negative charge)
Define isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures
Define monomer and polymer
Monomer - atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures like polymers
Polymers - made up of monomers and rearranged to form new polymers
What happens during the process of dehydration synthesis?
Monomers are joined to make polymers during this process.They are joined by taking water molecule out (One monomer donate OH and the other donates H+) to form another H20 bond. This requires energy and enzymes.
What happens during the process of hydrolysis?
Polymers are broken back into monomers and water is used to break down polymers. This is the reverse of synthesis. Cleaves of 1 monomer at a time and splits water so OH and H+ attach to enzymes. This requires enzymes but releases energy.
Explain why carbon is a versatile building block for organic molecules.
Carbon is a versatile building block because it forms covalent bonds so it is able to form 4 bonds in total. Because of this, it can form chains and rings with different structures of molecules.
