Lesson 3.2

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Answer 1

the population heterogeneity of a community

Question 2

What makes up biodiversity?

Answer 2

species richness, species evenness

Question 3

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 3

the range of different inherited traits within a species

Question 4

Why is it important for there to be genetic variation in a community?

Answer 4

Genetic variation reduce the communicableness of diseases and parasites so the production of successfulness is higher between biodiversity.

Question 5

What does ecosystem diversity mean?

Answer 5

the range or variation within ecosystems

Question 6

What happens when there is a greater diversity?

Answer 6

Greater stability is achieved which leads to more food resources, more habitats, and more resilience in the face of environmental change.

Question 7

Define species richness

Answer 7

the number of species (R)

Question 8

Define species evenness

Answer 8

the abundance/proportion of species (E)

Question 9

How do you calculate evenness?

Answer 9

E = H/ln(R)

Question 10

What is the Shannon- Wiener Index value?

Answer 10

the uncertainty of predicting the species (H)

Question 11

What are keystone species?

Answer 11

organisms that help hold the ecosystem together

Question 12

What are invasive species?

Answer 12

organisms that aren’t native to an area and usually cause harm

Question 13

How do keystone species affect biodiversity?

Answer 13

They help maintain biodiversity and influence the abundance and types of other species in a habitat.

Question 14

How do invasive species affect biodiversity?

Answer 14

They reduce biodiversity and can cause the extinction or endangerment of native species.

Question 15

What is ecological succession?

Answer 15

Transition in species composition over time

Question 16

What is primary succession?

Answer 16

Newly formed rock/land is colonized by living things for the first time

Question 17

What is secondary succession?

Answer 17

When a climax community is impacted by a disturbance and regrows.

Question 18

What is the main difference between primary and secondary succession?

Answer 18

Primary succession starts off where no life has ever been however secondary succession starts with an already established climax community.

Question 19

What are pioneer species?

Answer 19

species (mosses, lichens,fungi,etc.) that grow fast and provide soil with nutrients for the faster growing plants and trees

Question 20

What are seral stages?

Answer 20

the stages where a community is progressively advancing to its climax community

Question 21

What is a climax community?

Answer 21

the endpoint of succession where a community is stable and unchanging
(taiga, temperate deciduous forest)

Question 22

What happens to the pioneer species after the seral stages occur?

Answer 22

They are over shaded and outgrown by the fast growing trees and plants.

Question 23

What are some human activities that cause disturbances in secondary succession?

Answer 23

Deforestation, Building Infrastructure, Logging, Farming

Question 24

What drives succession?

Answer 24

Tolerance - a higher r value means the community is tolerant of harsh conditions.

Question 25

Examples of primary and secondary succession?

Answer 25

Primary - volcanic eruption that causes barren land
Secondary - major flooding of a creek bed