Lesson 5.1

Question 1

Define isotopes

Answer 1

Atoms of the same elements with different masses

Question 2

Explain why isotopes can be useful in scientific research.

Answer 2

They emit different levels of radiation, which makes them useful in medicine, industry, agriculture, radio pharmaceutical sciences, industrial applications, environmental tracing and biological studies.

Question 3

What are valence electrons?

Answer 3

the electrons in the outermost layer

Question 4

What is the position, mass, charge, and function of protons?

Answer 4

Protons are located in the nucleus, have a mass of 1 amu(heavy), a charge of +1, and they determine the identity of the atom.

Question 5

What is the position, mass, charge, and function of neutrons?

Answer 5

Neutrons are located in the nucleus, have a mass of 1 amu(heavy), a charge of 0, and they hold the nucleus together.

Question 6

What is the position, mass, charge, and function of electrons?

Answer 6

Electrons are located outside the nucleus, have a mass of 0 amu(heavy), a charge of -1, and they are responsible for reactivity.

Question 7

Which charges attract and repel?

Answer 7

opposite charges attract and the same charges repel

Question 8

What is Coulomb’s Law?

Answer 8

Calculation of the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.

Question 9

What is Coulombic Attraction?

Answer 9

The force of attraction between charged particles

Question 10

What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge?

Answer 10

The relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge is direct. Whatever occurs to the charge occurs to the force of attraction.

Question 11

What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?

Answer 11

The relationship between coulombic attraction and distance squared is inverse. Whatever occurs to the distance is switched and squared as the force.

Question 12

What happens to the force when there is more or less distance?

Answer 12

More distance means the force is weaker and less distance means the force is stronger

Question 13

What causes a larger effect on the amount of force?

Answer 13

Distance, because of the inverse relationship

Question 14

What is radioactivity?

Answer 14

When a nucleus breaks

Question 15

How is the attraction for valence electrons affected by distance from the nucleus?

Answer 15

The closer the valence electrons the stronger the attraction and vice versa.

Question 16

How is the attraction for valence electrons affected by amount of protons in the nucleus?

Answer 16

The more protons the stronger the attraction to the electrons.

Question 17

How is the nucleus changing as you go across the periodic table? How does this affect the attraction for valence electrons?

Answer 17

The amount of protons increases and so the attraction will be stronger because there is more positive charge holding the valence electrons in.

Question 18

How is the attraction for valence electrons affected by amount of electrons between nucleus and valence shell?

Answer 18

If there are more electrons then the attraction will weaken because electrons have a negative charge.

Question 19

How is the atomic structure changing as you go down the periodic table? How does this affect the attraction for valence electrons?

Answer 19

The amount of shells increases and the distance between the nucleus and the electrons also increases. This would weaken the attraction as the distance between the protons and electrons increases.