Lesson 5.1 Flashcards
Define isotopes
Atoms of the same elements with different masses
Explain why isotopes can be useful in scientific research.
They emit different levels of radiation, which makes them useful in medicine, industry, agriculture, radio pharmaceutical sciences, industrial applications, environmental tracing and biological studies.
What are valence electrons?
the electrons in the outermost layer
What is the position, mass, charge, and function of protons?
Protons are located in the nucleus, have a mass of 1 amu(heavy), a charge of +1, and they determine the identity of the atom.
What is the position, mass, charge, and function of neutrons?
Neutrons are located in the nucleus, have a mass of 1 amu(heavy), a charge of 0, and they hold the nucleus together.
What is the position, mass, charge, and function of electrons?
Electrons are located outside the nucleus, have a mass of 0 amu(heavy), a charge of -1, and they are responsible for reactivity.
Which charges attract and repel?
opposite charges attract and the same charges repel
What is Coulomb’s Law?
Calculation of the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.
What is Coulombic Attraction?
The force of attraction between charged particles
What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge?
The relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge is direct. Whatever occurs to the charge occurs to the force of attraction.
What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?
The relationship between coulombic attraction and distance squared is inverse. Whatever occurs to the distance is switched and squared as the force.
What happens to the force when there is more or less distance?
More distance means the force is weaker and less distance means the force is stronger
What causes a larger effect on the amount of force?
Distance, because of the inverse relationship
What is radioactivity?
When a nucleus breaks
How is the attraction for valence electrons affected by distance from the nucleus?
The closer the valence electrons the stronger the attraction and vice versa.
How is the attraction for valence electrons affected by amount of protons in the nucleus?
The more protons the stronger the attraction to the electrons.
How is the nucleus changing as you go across the periodic table? How does this affect the attraction for valence electrons?
The amount of protons increases and so the attraction will be stronger because there is more positive charge holding the valence electrons in.
How is the attraction for valence electrons affected by amount of electrons between nucleus and valence shell?
If there are more electrons then the attraction will weaken because electrons have a negative charge.
How is the atomic structure changing as you go down the periodic table? How does this affect the attraction for valence electrons?
The amount of shells increases and the distance between the nucleus and the electrons also increases. This would weaken the attraction as the distance between the protons and electrons increases.
