Lesson 3B (Part 2) Flashcards
What causes damage to the fallopian tubes? (2)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
2. Previous surgery in the abdomen or pelvis
Pelvic inflammatory disease
An infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes due to chlamydia, gonorrhea or other STIs
What can damage to the fallopian tubes be assessed with?
Hysterosalpingogram
Hysterosalpingogram
X-ray dye introduced into the uterus to assess for obstruction
What are causes of endometriosis? (2)
- Scarring/ adhesions to the fallopian tubes
2. Inflammation of the endometrium disrupting implantation of the egg
What are examples of causes of uterine or cervical infertility? (4)
- Benign polyps or tumors (fibroids)
- block fallopian tubes or interfere with implantation - Uterine abnormalities
- abnormal shape - Cervical stenosis
- Abnormal cervical mucus
What is used to asses a females uterus and cervix? (3)
- Hysteroscopy
- Sonohysterogram
- 3D imaging
Hysteroscopy
Small camera inserted into uterus
Sonohysterogram
Introduction of saline solution into the uterus and US to further assess the endometrial lining and obstructions
ART
Assistive reproduction technology
What are 3 examples of assistive reproduction technology?
- Fertility drugs
- Intrauterine insemination
- In Vitro Fertilization
- IVF
What does ovulation failure usually involve?
An imbalance of hormones
- eg. estrogen, progesterone and low levels of FSH
What is the primary treatment for ovulation failure?
Fertility drugs
- oral/injection
What is the goal for fertility drugs?
Attempt to reset the normal balance and regulate or trigger ovulation
What are 2 types of fetal drugs?
- Clomid
2. Pergonal
What is the generic name for clomid?
Clomiphene citrate
What does clomid do?
Stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH
- can be followed by hCG at the time of ovulation to help maintain the pregnancy
Pergonal
Is a natural hormone derived from the urine of postmenopausal women
- triggers a positive feedback so the pituitary gland secretes more FSH (this is used when estrogen/progesterone are low)
What is pergonal comprised of? (2)
- FSH
2. LH
When is pergonal used?
When clomid doesnt work
What is a complication with fertility drugs?
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
- OHSS
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Multiple HUGE cysts on the ovaries
- Theca Lutein Cysts
What is the sonographic appearance of OHSS? (3)
- Pleural effusion
- Ascites
- Hypotension
What is a complication with IVF?
Heterotrophic pregnancy
