Lesson 2A (Part 1)

Question 1

What 3 things undergo cyclic changes during the female cycle?

Answer 1

1. Endometrium
2. Ovaries
3. Blood hormone levels

Question 2

What are 3 cycles in the female cycle?

Answer 2

1. Ovarian Cycle
2. Hormonal Cycle
3. Endometrial Cycle

Question 3

What is the endometrial cycle divided into? (2)

Answer 3

1. Proliferative/follicular phase

2. Secretory/luteal phase

Question 4

Proliferative/follicular phase

Answer 4

First half of the menstrual cycle

Question 5

Proliferation

Answer 5

Gradual thickening of the functional layer

Question 6

What hormone helps with the thickening of the endometrial?

Answer 6

Estrogen

Question 7

Secretory/luteal phase

Answer 7

Second half of the menstrual cycle

Question 8

Differentiation

Answer 8

Increased vascularity and preparation for implantation

Question 9

What hormone is dominantly in the secretory phase?

Answer 9

Progesterone

- but also has some estrogen

Question 10

What marks day 1 of the proliferative phase marked by?

Answer 10

Menstrual bleeding

Question 11

Why do you get menstrual bleeding?

Answer 11

It is response to a decrease in estrogen and progesterone levels
- endometrium starts to break down and sheds

Question 12

What happens to estrogen after menses occurs? (2)

Answer 12

1. It begins to increase

2. Simulated the formation of a new layer of endometrium

Question 13

What contribute to the thickening of the endometrium? (2)

Answer 13

1. Blood vessels

2. Glands

Question 14

How much does the late proliferative phase of the endometrial layer measure?

Answer 14

11mm

- trilaminar

Question 15

Why does progesterone and estrogen increase after ovulation?

Answer 15

Getting the endometrium to to accept the blastocyst

Question 16

What happens in the secretory phase? (3)

Answer 16

1. Further thickening of endometrium
2. Additional blood vessels develop
3. Uterine glands increase in size

Question 17

What is the echogenicity of the endometrium during the secretory phase?

Answer 17

Becomes hyperechoic

Question 18

What happens if pregnancy occurs? (3)

Answer 18

1. Beta-hCG gets produce
2. Corpus luteum in maintained
3. Progesterone and estrogen levels increase

Question 19

What happens if pregnancy does not occur? (3)

Answer 19

1. Beta-hCG is not produced
2. Corpus luteum degenerates
3. Progesterone and estrogen levels decrease

Question 20

Where does hCG come from?

Answer 20

The blastocyte

Question 21

What hormone supports the corpus luteum?

Answer 21

Beta-hCG

Question 22

What happens to the ovaries during postmenopause?

Answer 22

They stop working

Question 23

When can cyclic changes occur?

Answer 23

With hormonal imbalances

Question 24

When do cyclic endometrial changes occur?

Answer 24

11-13 years of age

- around puberty

Question 25

What is the first menstrual period called?

Answer 25

Menarche

Question 26

When are cyclic endometrial changes absent? (5)

Answer 26

1. Before puberty
2. After menopause
3. Hormonal imbalances
4. Birth control pills
5. Hormone therapies