Lesson 2C (Part 1)

Question 1

Amenorrhea

Answer 1

Abnormal absence of menstruation

- consistent levels of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum and placenta

Question 2

What does amenorrhea result in?

Answer 2

Complete ending of the menstrual cycle

Question 3

What are the symptoms of early pregnancy? (6)

Answer 3

1. Amenorrhea
2. Morning sickness
3. Breast changes
4. Urinary frequency
5. Abdominal enlargement
6. Quickening

Question 4

What causes morning sickness? (4)

Answer 4

1. High levels of hormones
2. Altered metabolism
3. Physical changes
4. Fluctuating blood pressures

Question 5

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 5

Severe nausea and vomiting

Question 6

Why do breast sizes change during pregnancy?

Answer 6

Sensitive to changes in estrogen

Question 7

When do you start to notice breast change?

Answer 7

As early as 6 weeks

Question 8

What can cause an increase in urination in pregnant women? (3)

Answer 8

1. hCG
2. Blood volume will increase during pregnancy
   - resulting in more filtration through kidneys
3. Physical pressure of enlarged uterus on the bladder

Question 9

Stress incontinence

Answer 9

Is the unintentional loss of urine

Question 10

What is stress incontinence caused by? (4)

Answer 10

1. Coughing
2. Sneezing
3. Laughing
4. Exercise

Question 11

Quickening

Answer 11

The perception of movement by the mother

- notice that you are pregnant quicker than the first time

Question 12

What is a glycoprotein produced during pregnancy?

Answer 12

Beta-hCG

Question 13

How can Beta-hCG be detected?

Answer 13

In the pregnant mothers blood or urine

Question 14

What is Beta-hCG important for in the initial stages of pregnancy?

Answer 14

Maintaining the corpus luteum

- this allows continued production of estrogen and progesterone, maintaining the thickened, vascular endometrium

Question 15

What are 2 types of pregnancy tests?

Answer 15

1. Qualitative

2. Quantitative

Question 16

What does a qualitative pregnancy test do?

Answer 16

It assesses the amount of ß-hCG in the urine

• will show as positive or negative, based on the amount
• if negative, it can be repeated in a few days: early in the pregnancy, ß-hCG will rise quickly

Question 17

What does a quantitative pregnancy test do?

Answer 17

It assesses the amount of ß-hCG in the blood

Question 18

Gravida

Answer 18

It is the number of pregnancies and includes the current pregnancy

• eg. twins = 1
• eg. miscarriage = 1

Question 19

Nulli gravida (G0)

Answer 19

Never pregnant

Question 20

Primi gravida (G1)

Answer 20

First pregnancy or has been pregnant once

Question 21

Multi gravida (G2+)

Answer 21

Has been pregnant more than once

Question 22

Patient in for a first trimester ultrasound – history of 1 miscarriage; 1 set of twins. What is the gravida?

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Para

Answer 23

Is the number of viable births

• > 20weeks
• twins count as 1 birth
• stillborns count if over 20weeks

Question 24

Abortus

Answer 24

Number of pregnancies lost for any reason

Question 25

What are examples of abortus? (2)

Answer 25

1. Abortions | 2. Miscarriages

Question 26

History of 2 pregnancies, both resulting in live births. What is the G, P and A?

Answer 26

``` G = 2 P = 2 A = 0 ```

Question 27

History of 4 pregnancies, but one miscarriage (under 20 weeks). What is the G, P and A?

Answer 27

``` G = 4 P = 4 A = 1 ```

Question 28

Patient in for a first trimester ultrasound – history of 1 miscarriage; 1 set of twins; 2 live singleton births. What is the G, P and A?

Answer 28

``` G = 5 P = 3 A = 1 ```

Question 29

Non-pregnant woman with history of ectopic pregnancy. What is the G, P and A?

Answer 29

``` G = 1 P = 0 A = 1 ```

Question 30

Pregnant woman with history of ectopic pregnancy and 1 twin pregnancy. What is the G, P and A?

Answer 30

``` G = 3 P = 1 A = 1 ```