Lesson 1B (Part 1)

Question 1

How has US developed over the years? (5)

Answer 1

1. More sensitivity
2. More detail resolution
3. More contrast resolution
4. Live scanning
5. Doppler

Question 2

How long are typical US examinations?

Answer 2

30-60 mins

Question 3

How long do most pregnancies last for?

Answer 3

40 weeks

Question 4

How long does the first trimester last for?

Answer 4

1-13 weeks

Question 5

How long does the second trimester last for?

Answer 5

14-26 weeks

Question 6

How long does the third trimester last for?

Answer 6

27 weeks until term

Question 7

What are the specific examinations? (3)

Answer 7

1. Early
2. NT scan
   - nuclear translucency
3. 20 weeks
   - between 18-22 weeks

Question 8

What is determined in the early examination for pregnancies?

Answer 8

In order to confirm the pregnancy

Question 9

How do you confirm the pregnancy?

Answer 9

With the presence of the gestational sac

Question 10

How is intrauterine pregnancy diagnosed? (2)

Answer 10

1. By a positive pregnancy test

2. Demonstration of a gestational sac in the uterus

Question 11

What is looked for in the early assessment of pregnancies? (4)

Answer 11

1. Presence of the gestational sac
2. Location of the gestational sac
   - confirms intrauterine pregnancy
3. Size of the gestational sac
   - age/dating
4. Number of the gestational sacs
   - twins/triplets/ect

Question 12

What is M-mode and 2D video used for?

Answer 12

To confirm the fetal heart rate

Question 13

What is discouraged during the early assessment?

Answer 13

Spectral doppler

Question 14

What are you looking for within the gestational sac during the early assessment?

Answer 14

The presence or absence of a yolk sac

Question 15

What happens at the end of the first trimester?

Answer 15

The fetus has developed considerably

Question 16

What is assessed in the first 11-14 weeks of pregnancy?

Answer 16

Certain abnormalities

Question 17

What does an increased nuchal translucency measurement suggest?

Answer 17

Several chromosomal abnormalities

Question 18

When is a pregnancy not viable? (2)

Answer 18

1. Ectopic pregnancy

2. Hydatidiform moles

Question 19

Hydatidiform moles

Answer 19

Is growth of an abnormal fertilized egg or an overgrowth of tissue from the placenta

Question 20

What are some complications in pregnancies? (3)

Answer 20

1. Vaginal bleeding
2. Pelvic pain
3. Maternal pelvic masses or uterine abnormalities

Question 21

What happens in the second trimester assessment? (4)

Answer 21

1. Assessment of viability
   - cardiac activity
2. Fetal number, presentation, and anatomical survey
3. Fetal environment
4. Maternal structures

Question 22

Presentation

Answer 22

Which part of the baby is surfaced

Question 23

Limited examination

Answer 23

Could not see the heart well due to patient position

- bring patient back for a shorter ‘limited’ examination

Question 24

Specialized examination

Answer 24

More detailed examination of specific structures

Question 25

What are indications that a specialized examination is needed? (3)

Answer 25

1. Anomaly suspected on Level 1 or earlier
2. Family Hx
3. Abnormal blood tests

Question 26

What is the less common examination?

Answer 26

Third trimester assessment

Question 27

Why is the third-trimester assessment not as common?

Answer 27

Due to fetal bone ossification

Question 28

What are indications that you need a third trimester assessment? (8)

Answer 28

1. Gestational diabetes
2. Maternal measurements are inappropriate for gestational age
3. Mother ‘cannot feel the baby’
4. Checking positioning of baby before birth
5. Placental location
6. Incompetent cervix
7. Multiple gestational pregnancies
   - considered high-risk
8. Some pathologies are better seen once the fetus has grown larger

Question 29

What are further indications an US is needed in the 2nd/3rd trimester? (3)

Answer 29

1. Vaginal bleeding
2. Abdominal/pelvic pain
3. Poor prenatal care