Lesson 17 Part 2 Flashcards
Small, anti-viral proteins produced by virus infected cells
Interferons
They “interfere” with viral replication
Interferons
Three known type of Interferons
Alpha (a)
Beta (b)
Gamma (y)
Produced by B lymphocytes (B cells), monocytes and macrophages
A-interferon
Produced by fibroblast and other virus-infected cells
B-interferom
Produced by T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells
Y-interferon
The compelment system is also known as
Complement cascade
A non-specific host defense mechanism that assists in the destruction of many different pathogens
Complement cascade
A process by which phagocytosis is facilitated by the deposition of opsonins
Opsonization
A process by which phagocytosis is facilitated by deposition of opsonin
Opsonizatiom
Plasma levels of molecules increase rapidly in response to infection, inflammation, and tissue injury
Acute-phase protein
Used as a laboratory marker for, or indication of, inflammation
C-reactive proteins
Chemical mediators that are release from many different types of cell in human body
Cytokines
The body normally responds to any local injury, irritation, microbial invasion, or bacterial toxin
Inflammation
The primary purpose of the inflammatory response are to:
- Localize an infection
- Prevent the spread of microbial invader
- Naturalize any toxin being produced at the site
- Aid in repair of the damage tissue
Four cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness
Heat
Swelling (edema)
Pain
An increase in the diameter of capillaries
Vasodilation
Vasodilation leads to ____
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Purulent inflammatory exudate
Pus
This system helps in draining and circulating intracellular fluids from tissues
Lymphatic system
Three major categories of leukocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Granulocytes
Three types of granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
The two most important groups of phagocytes
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Macrophages and neutrophils are also called as
Professional phagocytes
They serve as “clean-up crew” to rid the body of unwanted and often harmful substances
Macrophages
What are the phagocytic granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils are also known as
Polymorphonuclear cells / PMNs
An abnormally high number of eosinophils in the peripheral bloodstream
Eosinophilia
Macrophages develop from a type of leukocytes during the inflammatory response to infections
Monocytes
Leave the bloodstream and migrate to sites of infection and other areas where they are needed
Wandering macrophages
The macrophages remain within the tissues and organs
Fixed macrophages
Four steps in phagocytosis
Chemotaxis
Attachment
Ingestion
Digestion
Step in phagocytosis: pseudopodia surround tho object, and is taken in the cell
Ingestion
Step in phagocytosis: a phagocytes attaches in the cells
Attachment
Step in phagocytosis: the object is broken down and dissolve by digestive enzyme
Digestion
Step in phagocytosis: phagocytes are attracted by chemotactic agents to the sites they are needed
Chemotaxis
