Lesson 11 Flashcards
The systematic study of interrelationships that exist between organisms and their environment
Ecology
The interrelationships between humans and the world around them
Ecology
The interrelationships between microorganisms and the world aroung them
Microbial ecology
The living together or close association of two dissimilar organisms
Symbiosis
The organisms that live together in such a relationship
Symbionts
Used to describe a symbiotic relationship in which neither a symbiont is affected by the relationship
Neutralism
It reflects a situation in which different microorganisms occupy the same ecologic niche, but have absolutely no effect on each other
Neutralism
A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and no consequence
Commensalism
A living organism that harbors another living organism
Host
A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial ti both symbionts
Mutualism
Escherichia ecoli is what symbiotic relationship
Mutualism
A blood clotting factor that is essential to humans
Vitamin K
A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one symbiont and detrimental to the other symbiont
Parasitism
Parasites that do not cause disease, but take only the nutrients they need to exist
Smart parasites
Parasites that kill their hosts then they must either find a new host or die
Dumb parasites
Also known as normal flora
Indigenous microflora or microbiota
Includes all the microbes that reside on and within that person
Indigenous microflora
Does a fetus has indigenous microflora?
No
It takes up temporary residence on and within humans
Transient microflora
Such an overgrowth or population explosion of an organism that is usually present in low numbers
Superinfection
The resident microflora of the skin consists primarily of
Bacteria and fungi
The most common bacteria on the skin are
Staphylococcus, Corynebscterium, Propionibacterium spp
Which part of the ear are sterile
Middle ear
Inner ear
Outer ear
Auditory canal
Only middle and inner ear
The common organism in the indigenous microflora of the mouth are various species of
A hemolytic streptococci
A gram negative bacillus that lives in some people’s stomach and is a common cause of ulcers
Helicobacter Pylori
The duodenum is what intestine
Small intestine
The jejunum and ileum is what intestine
Large intestine
The colon contains primarily
Bacteria
The most common cause of UTI
E. Coli
The part of urethra farthest from the urinary bladder
Distal urethra
The most frequent causes of urethral infection
Chlamydia trachomatis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Mycoplasmas
The term microbial antagonism means
Microbes versus microbes
Microbes against microbes
The term microbial antagonism means
Microbes versus microbes
Microbes against microbes
Can be thought of as organisms that are hanging around, awaiting the opportunity to cause infection
Opportunistic pathogens
Bacteria and yeast that are ingested to reestablish and stabilize the microbial balance within our bodies
Biotherapeutic agents or probiotics
Another name for biotherapeutic agents
Probiotics
Complex and persistent communities of assorted organisms
Biofilms
The bacteria grow in tiny clusters
Microcolonies
Two or more microbes “team up” to produce a disease that neither could cause by itself
Synergism or synergistic relationship
Diseases cause by synergism
Synergistic infections
Polymicrobial infections
Mixed infections
Involves nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria
Nitrogen cycle
Also known as chemolitotroph bacteria
Nitrifying bacteria
A group of bacteria convertt nitrates to atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2)
Denitrifying bacteria
Infectious disease of farm animals
- Prion D.
- Viral D.
- Bacterial D.
- Fungal D.
- Protozoal D.
What infectious disease:
Bovine spongiform encelopathy (BSE), scrapie
Prion diseases
What infectious disease:
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, influenza, rabies, swine pox, warts
Viral D.
What infectious disease:
Pneumonia, leptospirosis, mastitis, salmonellosis, tuberculosis
Bacterial D.
What infectious disease:
Ringworm
Fungal Disease
What infectious disease:
Anaplasmosis, bovine trichomoniasis, cattle tick fever, coccidiosis
Protozoal D.
Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products
Biotechnology
Bacteria can be used as sources of vitamins
B2 -Riboflavin
B7 - Biotic
B9 - Folic Acid
B12 - Cyanacobalamin
K2
Example of antibiotic produced by fungi
Penicillin and Cephalosporin
Used in production of alcoholic beverages
Yeast
