Lesson 17 Flashcards
The body protects itself from pathogens
Host defense mechanism
What are the three lines of defense
2 non-specific
1 specific
These line of defense is directed against any foreign substances that enter our bodies
Non-specific
What is the first two lines of defense
Non-specific
The third line of defense
Specific
Produced in the body in response to the presence of foreign substances
Antibodies
It is the foreign substances
Antigens
They stimulate the production of specific antibodies
Antibody generating substances
General and serve to protect the body from many harmful substances
Non-specific host defense mechanisms
What are the first line of defense
- Skin and mucous membrane as physical barriers
- Cellular and chemical factors
- Microbial antagonist
Unbroken skin that covers our bodies which represents a non-specific host defense mechanism
Intact skin
It also serve as a physical or mechanical barrier to pathogens
Mucous membranes
The dryness, acidity, and temperature of the skin inhibit colonization and growth of pathogens
Cellular and chemical factors
Serves as a nonspecific host defense mechanism by trapping pathogens
Sticky mucous
Serves as a non-specific host defense mechanism by trapping pathogens
Sticky mucous
What are the three toxic substances
Lactoferrin
Lysozyme
Lactoperoxidase
Protein that binds iron
Lactoferrin
An enzyme that produces superoxide radicals
Lactoperoxidase
Enzymes that lyse or destroy bacteria
Lysozyme
Lysozyme are present in
Nasal secretion
Saliva
Tears
Factors that protect the GI tract
Digestive enzyme
Acidity of the stomach
Alkalinity of the intestines
What should be the approximate acid of the stomach
Ph 1.5
When indigenous microflora prevents the establishment of arriving pathogens
Microbial antagonism
A decrease in the number of indigenous microflora can lead to
Overgrowth of pathogens
A superinfection of Candida Albicans in the vagina may lead to condition of
Yeast vaginitis
A superinfection of clostridium difficile in the colon may lead to C. Defficile-associated diseases known as
Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD)
Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC)
Pathogens able to penetrate the first line of defense are usually destroyed by nonspecific cellular and chemical responses
Second line of defense
What are the second line of defense
Transferrin
Fever
Interferrons
The Complement System
Acute-phase protein
Cytokines
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
A glycoprotein synthesized in the liver, has a high affinity for iron
Tranferrin
Its normal function is to store and deliver iron to host cells
Tranferrin
A body temperature greater than _______ is general considered as fever
- 8 C or 100 F
Substances that stimulate the production of fever
Pyrogens or Pyrogenic substances
Deploy and destroy the invaders
WBC / leukocytes
